For the molecule benzene explain how to solve each of the following: a- draw the 6 molecular orbitals of benzene (arranged by energy levels) b- draw nodal planes for each orbital, and state the number of nodes for that orbital c- list the number of bonding and anti-bonding interactions for each orbital and the net number of bonds or anti-bonds d - place electrons in each orbital that is filled

For the molecule benzene explain how to solve each of the following: a- draw the 6 molecular orbitals of benzene (arranged by energy levels) b- draw nodal planes for each orbital, and state the number of nodes for that orbital c- list the number of bonding and anti-bonding interactions for each orbital and the net number of bonds or anti-bonds d - place electrons in each orbital that is filled

Chemistry: Principles and Practice

3rd Edition

ISBN:9780534420123

Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer

Publisher:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer

Chapter10: Molecular Structure And Bonding Theories

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10.86QE

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The pyridine molecule (C5H5N) is obtained by replacing one CH group in benzene with a nitrogen atom. Because nitrogen is more electronegative than the CH group, orbitals with electron density on nitrogen are lower in energy. How do you expect the MOs and energy levels of pyridine to differ from those of benzene?
For the molecule allene, H2C=C=CH2, give the hybridization of each carbon atom. Will the hydrogen atoms be in the same plane or perpendicular planes?
Predict whether the MO diagram S2 would show s-p mixing or not.
Antibonding molecular orbitals can be used to make bondsto other atoms in a molecule. For example, metal atomscan use appropriate d orbitals to overlap with the π*2p orbitalsof the carbon monoxide molecule. This is calledd-π backbonding. (a) Draw a coordinate axis system inwhich the y-axis is vertical in the plane of the paper andthe x-axis horizontal. Write “M” at the origin to denote ametal atom. (b) Now, on the x-axis to the right of M, drawthe Lewis structure of a CO molecule, with the carbon nearest the M. The CO bond axis should be on the x-axis.(c) Draw the CO π*2p orbital, with phases (see the “CloserLook” box on phases) in the plane of the paper. Two lobesshould be pointing toward M. (d) Now draw the dxy orbitalof M, with phases. Can you see how they will overlap withthe π*2p orbital of CO? (e) What kind of bond is being madewith the orbitals between M and C, σ or π ? (f) Predict whatwill happen to the strength of the CO bond in a metal–COcomplex compared to CO alone.
Antibonding molecular orbitals can be used to make bondsto other atoms in a molecule. For example, metal atomscan use appropriate d orbitals to overlap with the p*2p orbitalsof the carbon monoxide molecule. This is calledd@p backbonding. (a) Draw a coordinate axis system inwhich the y-axis is vertical in the plane of the paper andthe x-axis horizontal. Write “M” at the origin to denote ametal atom. (b) Now, on the x-axis to the right of M, drawthe Lewis structure of a CO molecule, with the carbonnearest the M. The CO bond axis should be on the x-axis.(c) Draw the CO p*2p orbital, with phases (see the “CloserLook” box on phases) in the plane of the paper. Two lobesshould be pointing toward M. (d) Now draw the dxy orbitalof M, with phases. Can you see how they will overlap withthe p*2p orbital of CO? (e) What kind of bond is being madewith the orbitals between M and C, s or p ? (f) Predict whatwill happen to the strength of the CO bond in a metal–COcomplex compared to CO alone.
Using your knowledge of M.O. theory, please construct a molecular orbital diagram for the C-CI bond in chloromethane. You should use an sp3 orbital from carbon and all 4 sp orbitals from chlorine to do this. * please indicate the identity of the highest occupied melecular erbitals (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO).
(a) Sketch the molecular orbitals of the H2- ion and draw itsenergy-level diagram. (b) Write the electron configuration ofthe ion in terms of its MOs. (c) Calculate the bond order inH2-. (d) Suppose that the ion is excited by light, so that anelectron moves from a lower-energy to a higher-energy molecularorbital. Would you expect the excited-state H2- ion to bestable? (e) Which of the following statements about part (d) is correct: (i) The light excites an electron from a bonding orbitalto an antibonding orbital, (ii) The light excites an electronfrom an antibonding orbital to a bonding orbital, or (iii)In the excited state there are more bonding electrons thanantibonding electrons?
Select one: True or False 1- Besides providing the largest suitable number of valance orbitals for covalent bond formation it can determine the final shape of the molecule for example Sp hybridization leads to a diagonal planner molecule, SP2 hybridization while Sp3 hybridization leads a pyramidal (tetrahydral shape) 2- About the underlying compound ( in the images ) , it it’s a calcium complex of EDTA used to treat metal toxicities like pulmbism in order to avoid hypocalcaemia.
For each of these contour representations of molecular orbitals,identify (a) the atomic orbitals (s or p) used to constructthe MO (b) the type of MO (π or σ), (c) whether the MO isbonding or antibonding, and (d) the locations of nodalplanes.
The diagram that follows shows the highest-energy occupiedMOs of a neutral molecule CX, where element X is in thesame row of the periodic table as C. (a) Based on the numberof electrons, can you determine the identity of X? (b) Wouldthe molecule be diamagnetic or paramagnetic? (c) Considerthe π2p MOs of the molecule. Would you expect them to havea greater atomic orbital contribution from C, have a greateratomic orbital contribution from X, or be an equal mixtureof atomic orbitals from the two atoms?