Glycolysis Two of these per glucose CHOH PH HO OH АТР glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ADP QH PH HO OH phosphoglycerate kinase glucosephosphate isomerase phosphoglyceromutase O-P-0 OH aldolase pyruvate kinase OH OCHCHO-P-o H-CCHCHO-P-o- triose phosphate isomerase O=å-6
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- Comparing Glycolysis Entry Points for Sucrose Sucrose can enter glycolysis by either of two routes: Sucrose phosphorylase: Sucrose + Pi fructose + glucose-1-phosphate Invertase: Sucrose + H20 fructose + glucose Would either of these reactions offer Jin advantage over the other In the preparation of hexoses fur entry into glycolysis?Account for the total no. of ATPs produced from β-oxidation for one mole of the given fatty acid (16C). How many acetyl-coA are formed?Considering the fatty acids: (a) Arachidic acid (C20H40O2); molar mass = 312.5 g/mol) (b) Palmitoleic acid (C16H30O2); molar mass = 256.4 g/mol). How many cycles of β -oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism? How can you calculate the number of molecules (moles) of ATP formed (net) by the complete catabolism of each fatty acid? and the number of moles of ATP formed per gram of each fatty acid metabolized??
- . Describe the β-oxidation of the fatty acid palmitateGlycogen synthase catalyzes glycogen synthesis. Determine whether each intermediate is associated with an “increase” or “decrease” and or “no effect” on the activity of glycogen synthase. Glucose 6-phosphate – cAMP –Fatty acid degradation stimulates the citric acid cyclethrough the activation of pyruvate carboxylase by acetylCoA. Why would the activation of pyruvate carboxylaseincrease energy generation from fatty acids?
- Predict which one of the five steps of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex reaction is metabolically irreversible under physiological conditions and explain why.Sodium fluoroacetate (FH2CCOO- Na+) is highly toxic. Patients with fluoroacetate poisoning accumulate citrate and fluorocitrate in their cells. Which enzyme is inhibited by fluoroacetate for this to occur? Explain.Von Gierke’s disease is also known as glycogen storage disease type I. Patients with von Gierke’s disease lackglucose 6-phosphatase activity. Two prominent symptoms of this disorder are fasting hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis (elevated lactate levels in the blood), especially during strenuous exercise. Explain why these symptoms occur. What chemical reaction does this enzyme catalyze? Which pathways involve this enzyme? Lacking thisthe enzyme will cause impairment of which pathways?• Pls consider what pathways are affected by Von Gierke’s disease. Include in your explanation involving Cori’s cycle. can you please do not write by your hand? I mean computer if you can. thank you
- Phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol yieldsa) Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-biphosphateb) Phosphatidylinositol 3, 5-biphosphatec) Phosphatidylinositol 3, 4-biphosphated) Phosphatidylinositol 5, 6-biphosphateGlutathione is an important intracellular thiol. List fivefunctions of glutathione in the bodyThe ΔG°’ for the aldolase reaction of glycolysis in muscle is +22.8 kJ/mol. Why does the aldolase reaction proceed in the direction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate during glycolysis?