How are glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis and degradation, and fatty acid synthesis and degradation controlled during prolonged fasting? Please explain.

Q: Explain to a child how the irreversible steps in carbohydrate metabolism are regulated.

A: Glucose is the energy source in living beings. The molecule is six-carbon sugar. Glucose is obtained…

Q: Identify ketone bodies, describe their properties and synthesis, and explain their role in…

A: Ketone bodies are the water-soluble molecules containing the ketone group that are produced by the…

Q: Would altering the unsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratio in tissues be easier to accomplish in…

A: Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids exist. Because converting a double bond to a single bond…

Q: /on Gierke's disease is a glycogen storage disease that results from the absence of…

A: Glucose-6-phosphatase converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose. Absence of glucose-6-phosphatase…

Q: How is the production of ketone bodies related to ketoacidosis?

A: Glucose is the primary source for the production of ATP, and when the body does not have enough…

Q: What does the catabolism of triglycerides in adipose tissue yield?

A: The tissue is the accumulation of the multiple layers of cells, which are to some extent similar in…

Q: Provide an example of a water-soluble vitamin and a fat-solublevitamin, and explain why each is…

A: The vitamin term is derived from the word “vitamine”. Vitamins are the organic molecules that are…

Q: Can you explain the difference in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in liver and muscle?

A: A carbohydrate is a biological molecule containing atoms of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. The…

Q: Define glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and lipogenesis. Which is (are) likely to be…

A: Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the three macronutrients that are present in our food.…

Q: Glycogenolysis in the liver?

A: Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals as is starch in plants. It is stored mostly in…

Q: Does a carbohydrate rich meal promotes glycogenesis?

A: The method of producing glycogen from glucose is known as glycogenesis. Glycogenesis is the process…

Q: What is the importance of vitamin C for carnitine and fat metabolism? explain in detail

A: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a vitamin that is soluble in water. It is naturally present in citrus…

Q: Differentiate between Oxidative deamination and transamination of the amino-acids?

A: Amino acids are a class of essential biomolecules that are the building blocks of proteins. There…

Q: Describe the effect of excess fructose consumption on hepatic lipid metabolism.

A: Fructose is a keto sugar and a monosaccharide carbohydrate.

Q: Indicate whether the following metabolic processes primarily occur during the FED STATE or FASTED…

A: The various metabolic processes in our body are controlled by different enzymes & hormones which…

Q: describe how fasting is associated with the stimulation of both gluconeogenesis and lipolysis

A: Introduction: Fasting can refer to the metabolic state of a person who has not eaten for 24 hours or…

Q: How is brown adipose tissue stimulated?

A: Brwon adipose fat is a type of brown fat that is present in the adipose organs along with white…

Q: source regulated? What would you expect to be the effect of caffeine or theophylline on fatty acid…

A: Fatty acids are the main source of energy production because they provide the maximum energy per…

Q: How will high concentrations of AMP, citrate and fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate, respectively, tend to…

A: In regulation of glycolysis different factors are involved which affects the rate of glycolysis.

Q: What metabolic and hormonal changes account for decreased gluconeogenesis during the first several…

A: The absence of food intake causes the body to move into a fasting state from a fed state. The…

Q: Given the nature of the hormonal activation of lipases, what carbohydrate pathways would be…

A: The lipase is an enzyme found in the pancreas that catalyzes the breakdown of fats to fatty acids…

Q: What process must take place before amino acids can be fed into the glycolysis and the TCA?

A: Both the Glycolysis and TCA  cycle are a part of cellular respiration in which the free energy…

Q: What adaptations does the body make during a fast? What are ketone bodies? Define ketosis.

A: Fasting is a method of restricting one's food or drink consumption for an extended period of time.…

Q: What factor will increase metabolic rate many times more than any supplement?

A: Metabolism includes various chemical processes which occurs continously inside the body which helps…

Q: What are the end-products of the complete aerobic catabolism of glucose?

A: The synthesis of energy in animal cells is carried out through two main mechanisms such as aerobic…

Q: Arrange the following pathways in order of their occurrence as source of energy for the body during…

A: Lipid catabolism comprises two major spatially and temporarily separated steps, namely lipolysis,…

Q: What roles do the first and last steps of glycolysis play in control of carbohydrate metabolism?

A: Glycolysis is the process of oxidation of glucose molecule hydrolysis into two pyruvate molecules…

Q: Explain how fat are introduced into the glycolytic and TCA?

A: Glycolysis  is a process occurs in cytoplasm in which piruvet formed from glucose. TCA cycle or…

Q: How is specific glucose consumption rate calculated?

A: To determine: How the glucose consumption rate is calculated.

Q: Distinguish among the processes of glycogenesis,lipogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.

A: The Major role of glycolysis, glycogenolysis, and the citric acid cycle is to conserve energy as ATP…

Q: The body doesn’t have a reserve of proteins or amino acids for energy production. Which class of…

A: Metabolically fasting refers to the situation when a person has not eaten anything overnight.…

Q: How does beta-oxidation function in lipid (triglyceride) catabolism?

A: Fatty acid catabolism is the mechanism by which the body accesses energy stored as triglycerides.…

Q: After prolonged exercise the body becomes depleted of glycogen. Which type of diet will lead to a…

A: High fat and high protein diet do not replenish glycogen quickly.

Q: How does ketogenic diet affect the human physiological processes, particularly in the regulation of…

A: Ketogenic Diet    A diet introduced by Russel Wilder in 1921. A diet in which the proportion of…

Q: Define Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis.  How GLYCOLYSIS and GLUCONEOGENESIS does reciprocally…

A: Glycolysis means splitting of sugar. It is the process of partial oxidation of glucose to form two…

Q: Explain the pathways for glycogen metabolism and their purpose.

A: Glycogen is the primary storage form of glucose in the body. It contains glucose units to form…

Q: discuss the process of glycogen catabolism.

A: Glycogen is the stored form of glucose in animals. When there is excess of glucose in the blood, and…

Q: Discuss the process of digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. Explain the metabolic pathways in…

A: Carbohydrate is the polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone. Majority of carbohydrate have the H and O ratio…

Q: Depending on the body’s needs, into what type of compounds is glucose converted in the pentose…

A: Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a pathway parallel to glycolysis. In the first step of…

Q: How does regulation of glycogen metabolism differ between liver and muscle?

A: Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in…

Q: explain the relationship between glycogen metabolism,  the pentose phosphate shunt, dyslipidemia,…

A: Glycogen metabolism is the glycogenolysis or breakdown of glycogen during fasting and muscle…

Q: How are glucose, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis and degradation, and…

A: Metabolism is a series of interconnected chemical reactions occurring within a cell; the chemical…

Q: Describe normal cellular metabolism and its alternate states, including anaerobic metabolism and the…

A: The process by which energy is obtained from the nutrients (obtained from food by the process of…

Q: Explain why reduction in ghrelin secretion in bariatric surgery would be beneficial on glucose…

A: Ghrelin is also recognized as a growth hormone-releasing peptide. It is a hormone produced mostly by…