Human Horse Accumulation of additional mutations Human Horse Divergence into different species to create orthologs Accumulation of different mutations Gene duplication to create paralogs Ancestral globin gene

Q: What is structural variation of genomes? Describe the mechanisms that create structural variants,…

A: Structural variations are referred to variation or difference in the structure of chromosome of…

Q: Scientists have estimated that there may be as many as . . or more different human proteins, all…

A: Genes are segments of DNA that are involved in controlling a trait expressed by the cell. Protein…

Q: You are a researcher studying birds in an Indonesian rainforest. You have just discovered two new…

A: The two new bird species in Indonesian rainforest have markedly different beaks. Laetiphonia…

Q: Why are homologous traits similar?   A. they result from genetic and developmental similarities.…

A: The evolution is the alteration in the gene pool of the population from one generation to the next…

Q: What is the molecule of inheritance in all living organisms? a.DNA b.Lipid c.Protein d.RNA

A: Origin of life is the starting point for the life processes that is development of living components…

Q: In a study of a muscle disorder, several affected families exhibitedvision problems, muscle…

A: Genes in nuclear content express most of the characters, while some of the characters are associated…

Q: Traditional gene mapping has been applied successfully to a variety of organisms including yeast,…

A: Genetic mapping is a method to identify exactly which chromosome has which gene and exactly showing…

Q: How do the following genomic features of prokaryotic organisms compare with those of eukaryotic…

A: Cells are the fundamental units of life. All living organisms are made up of one or many cells. The…

Q: QUESTIVIES You are studying a group of individuals with X-ray vision and perform linkage analysis…

A: Restrictions enzyme or endonuclease are the enzyme which can cut the DNA at specific sites. Two…

Q: Describe the Central Dogma of molecular genetics and the three processes that drive the flow of…

A: INTRODUCTION Central dogma is introduced Francis Crick. This shows the flow of genetic information…

Q: In addition to physical traits, gene sequences can be used when comparing related species. Instead…

A: Evolution is a natural process through the simple organisms gradually transform into higher…

Q: What is a heterochronic mutation? How does it affect the phenotypic outcome of an organism? What…

A: Mutation means sudden changes occur in DNA sequences. The mutation occurs randomly. It also occurs…

Q: Asthma is a common medical condition that is influenced by genetics and environment. In the Us,…

A: It is a multiple choice question.

Q: Based on what you know about the development of cancer, was the mutation in your allele(kwas) the…

A: A mutation is defined as a change in the sequence of DNA. It may occur due mistakes during the…

Q: What were the two major goals of the Human Genome Project? Select all that apply.   a to isolate…

A: Introduction :- The Human Genome Project was an international scientific research project aimed at…

Q: A human gene called the β-globin gene encodes a polypeptide that functions as a subunit of the…

A: A.    Both the genes HbA and HbS are same at the molecular level except at the 6th position which…

Q: The use of nucleotide sequence data to measure genetic variability is complicated by the fact that…

A: A nucleotide is AN organic molecule that's the building block of DNA and ribonucleic acid. They even…

Q: . a. If you found a zinc-finger domain (which facilitates DNA binding) in a newly identified…

A: A gene is the physical and functional unit of heredity. They pass information from one generation to…

Q: If blond hair in the Solomon Islanders had originated from early European explorers, what would you…

A: When researchers conducted their genetical study of the islanders they found some interesting…

Q: Which of the following best characterizes human mitochondrial mutations?`   They are sex linked.…

A: Answer : Option 'C' are correct : They are pleiotropic

Q: Explain why we use both Giemsa and DAPI when studying human genetics, and not just one or the other.…

A: In Human Genetics, both dead and living cells need to be reported for statistical purposes.

Q: The Japanese canopy plant (Paris japonica) has one of the largest of all eukaryotic genomes, with…

A: Genome or genetic material of an individual is the whole set of genes present in the chromosomes of…

Q: Next-generation sequencing reveals that six new mutations have occurred in the coding regions of…

A: Mutations are sudden heritable changes in the genetic make up of an organism because of several…

Q: Starting with a population of genetically identical mice, you discover two new independent mutant…

A: The correct option is C i.e, the same gene, but not necessarily the same DNA base position.…

Q: Mammals 10-8 Plants -Invertebrates Bacteria 10-9 Unicellular eukaryotes 10-10 `Archaean 107 108 109…

A: As we have saw in the given graph that bacteria and plants tend to have the much more mutation rate…

Q: ) Consider a reference genome with genes as follows: AGAGAGAG|AACAACAACAAC|GGGAAAGGGAAA gene 1 |…

A: In DNA sequencing, a read is considered as an inferred sequence of base pairs or base pair…

Q: What is the difference between the core genome and pan genome? Why might your infer if you compare…

A: The field of molecular biology and genetics has to do with the genome. the genome is all the genetic…

Q: Given our knowledge of genome sizes in different organisms, would you predict that Homo sapiens or…

A: The hereditary material that transfers from one generation to another present in the nucleus of the…

Q: Albinism in humans can be caused by mutations in any one of several different genes. This situation,…

A: A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA of a cell such that the sequence deviates from what is…

Q: Based on the information (graph attached) , what genes do you think are likely shaped by positive…

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Q: Describe how a gene family is produced. Discuss the common and unique features of the members of the…

A: Note: Since the question has multiple parts to be answered we will answer only the first part.…

Q: Barbara McClintock, the American geneticist, won a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for which…

A: Mobile elements are DNA sequences that can move around the genome from one place to other changing…

Q: . Human mitochondrial genomes code for 37 genes but mitochondria produce only 13 proteins. What…

A: Mitochondria is the double layered cell organelle which is known as the power house of cell as…

Q: The HbβS(sickle-cell) allele of the human β-globingene changes the sixth amino acid in the…

A: Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder in which an improper folding of hemoglobin occurs. In this…

Q: You have been provided with the results of a sequence analysis of the gene for a fish with a small…

A: Chromatograms are depicted in colourful peaks which are used to represent the sequence of bases in…

Q: At the molecular level, what is a gene? Where are genes located?

A: Gene at the molecular level can be explained by the nucleotide sequence present in the nucleic…

Q: The following is a representation of the tree of COVID 19 genomes based on relatedness of the…

A: Introduction:- Tree of genomic represent the relationship between different organisms.This means…

Q: You sample DNA from seven bighorn sheep from a population of 2,000 in the Rocky Mountains of…

A: Introduction :- SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) is a variation in the base sequence occuring at…

Q: How did the different members of families of genes, such as hemoglobin,                   arise…

A: During the evolution of vertebrates duplicated haemoglobin genes diverged with respect to functional…

Q: describe four basic molecular genetic processes.  What is a duration of these processes in an…

A: The central dogma of life comprises three major processes. They are: DNA replication Transcription…

Q: In the early 1970s, Igor Dawid and Antonie Blacklerconducted classical experiments that first showed…

A: The phenotype of an organism is controlled by its genes that are inherited from both the parents.…

Q: What is the evidence that gene duplication has been thesource of the α and β gene families for…

A: Multiple genes in the gnathostome α-globin gene clusters are derived from a common ancestral gene…

Q: The human mitochondrial genomes code for 37 genes but mitochondria produce only 13 proteins.…

A: Membrane bound organelle present in cytoplasm, which generates the energy required for the…

Q: Three human genomic DNA fragments (A, B, and C) are sequenced and revealed the following: fragment A…

A: DNA or Deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic material that is found in most higher organisms. It is a…

Q: Compare the nucleotide-pair sequences of genomic DNA clones and CDNA clones of specific genes of…

A: The main difference between genomic DNA and cDNA is that cDNA represents the transcriptome of a…

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Q: Match the numbered concepts to the lettered facts. Explain why each pair is the best match. (1)…

A: Gene duplication is a molecular evolutionary event in which the portion of DNA in the chromosomes…

Q: Why do humans share such a large percentage of genome with bananas ?

A: The totality of an organism's genetic data is included in its genome. It offers all the data needed…

Q: What is the difference between the core genome and pan-genome? What might you infer if you compare…

A: The core genome and pan genome are mentioned in the field of molecular biology. The core genome and…

Q: a) what feature of the genome is likely to be located between the two LD blocks that allows…

A: LD blocks are linkage disequilibrium blocks present in a chromosome. It is defined as an event in…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.