In the early Drosophila embryo, there seems to be no requirement for the usual forms of cell–cell signaling; instead, transcriptional regulators and mRNA molecules move freely between nuclei. How can that be?
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In the early Drosophila embryo, there seems to be no requirement for the usual forms of cell–cell signaling; instead, transcriptional regulators and mRNA molecules move freely between nuclei. How can that be?
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- What would be the most likely effect of inhibiting the translation of hunchback mRNA throughout a Drosophila embryo?If some cell-surface receptors, including Notch, can rapidly signal to the nucleus by activating latent transcription regulators at the plasma membrane, why do most cell- surface receptors use long, indirect signaling cascades to influence gene transcription in the nucleus?The figure below shows the distribution of proteins during embryo development in Drosophila. These proteins are encoded by which types of genes? Which proteins regulate the expression of these genes?
- In flies, the gap gene kruppel is expressed in a broad band in the middle of the embryo with giant expressed as its anterior border and knirps at its posterior border. How is the expression of kruppel limited to this band in the embryo? Describe the spatial regulation of the kruppel gene.Explain Cell signaling during Drosophila eye development?What is the signaling pathway that mediates the organizing activity of the A/P organizer in the Drosophila wing disc? Describe two experiments that suggest this pathway functions to organize pattern and promote growth along the anterior/posterior axis of wing imaginal discs.
- a hormone receptor gene is deleted from the genome of a cell.in the absence of the hormone,what would you except about the expression of a gene that is activated by the hormone signiling?what would you expect to happen to the gene expression if the same cell is now treated with hormone?There is now significant evidence to support the existence of cytoneme-mediated delivery of signaling ligands. What is their mechanism of action, and what is the relevance of this discovery to embryonic development?Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)? a. only the transcriptional level b. epigenetic and transcriptional levels c. epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational levels d. epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels
- Figure 9.10 In certain cancers, the GTPase activity of the RAS G-protein is inhibited. This means that the RAS protein can no longer hydrolyze GTP into GDP What effect would this have on downstream cellular events?What is a second messenger? What are two second messengers that are involved in signaling pathways downstream of GPCRs and explain how they are produced? long answer: If you wanted to compare a cardiac muscle cell with a skeletal muscle, how could you use RNA sequencing to identify genes that are differentially expressed? In your answer, explain this technique and describe what type of information you can learn from it. If RNA sequencing led to the identification of two genes, gene X and gene Y, what are two experiments you could do to study the functions of these two genes?Some hormones act by binding to the promoters of particular genes in such a way that RNA polymerase can attach much more easily to that gene. What effect would this have on whether or not the gene is “expressed”?
