Recently, scientists constructed a transgene that expresses a mutant form of Drosophila histone H3 inwhich lysine 27 in the histone tail was changed to methionine (H3K27M). Expression of the H3K27Mtransgene results in aberrant development of fruit fliesbecause of inappropriate expression of many differentgenes. Explain this finding.
Q: Phorbol esters have been observed to induce the transcription of AP-1–influenced genes. Explain how…
A: Signal transduction is a process in which signals from the extracellular level enter the…
Q: Researchers know that Fru-M controls male sexualbehavior in Drosophila because inappropriate…
A: In Drosophila melanogaster, sex is determined by cell and tissue-specific signals and not by…
Q: Early in development, most human cells turn off expression of an essential component of telomerase,…
A: Telomeres are complex nucleoprotein structures present in the tips of the chromosomes which protects…
Q: Describe how P elements are used to producetransgenic Drosophila.
A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals in the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation of…
Q: The hunchback gene, a gene necessary for proper patterning of the Drosophila embryo, is…
A: UTR refers to untranslated regions and they are present on either side of the coding region. If it…
Q: Outline the role of alternative splicing in the control of sex differentiation in Drosophila.
A: Alternative splicing is a regulated process in which a single gene coding for multiple proteins…
Q: . a. Mice engineered to block expression of the geneencoding the telomerase protein age at a…
A: Telomerase is an enzyme that is essential for the replication of chromosomal ends. It is a…
Q: The easily observed external structures in insects, such as different pairs of legs, antennae, and…
A: The disc-shaped structure that arises from the Imago is known as an imaginary disc. Imago is a Latin…
Q: Let’s suppose a researcher was interested in the effects of mutationson the expression of a…
A: Western blot is a widely used biochemical technique to identify protein samples in cell extracts. It…
Q: Describe the inheritance pattern of maternal effect genes. Explainhow the maternal effect occurs at…
A: Introduction The life starts from single cell called Zygote. A zygote is formed by the fusion of…
Q: All of the following are epigenetic mechanisms that can influence a gene's function EXCEPT? O…
A: The epigenetic control of DNA occurs when the changes in the phenotype occur without a change in the…
Q: The yeast cohesin subunit Scc1, which is essen-tial for sister-chromatid cohesion, can be…
A: The foundation of sister chromatid cohesion is the cycle by which chromatin-related cohesin protein…
Q: In Drosophila, both fushi tarazu (ftz) and engrailed (eng) genes encode homeobox transcription…
A: In this two genes are involved. Those are ftz and another one engrailed genes which encode for…
Q: A cloned gene fragment contains a regulatory element that isrecognized by a regulatory transcription…
A:
Q: The three homeodomain proteins Abd-B, Abd-A, andUbx are encoded by genes within the Bithorax…
A: Homeotic genes are a set of genes that are involved in the regulation of the pattern of anatomical…
Q: Explain how DNA methylation can regulate gene expression in a tissue-specific way. When and where…
A: Introduction Expression of gene is highly under control by various mechanisms such as histone…
Q: The floral homeotic genes of Arabidopsis belong to the MADS-box gene family, while in Drosophila,…
A: Flowers are short, specific tomahawks bearing firmly amassed sporophylls. They are commonplace for…
Q: The chromosome 9/22 translocation associated withCML (chronic myelogenous leukemia) is called…
A: The translocation of C-ABL gene into the BCR gene makes a BCR-ABL fusion gene which codes for an…
Q: Drosophila geneticists have isolated many mutationsthat modify position-effect variegation.…
A: Mutation is defined as the permanent change or alterations happening in the sequence of the DNA of…
Q: A strain of Drosophila known as dunce produces one-half the amount of cAMP phosphodiesterase found…
A: In Drosophila, olfactory learning is mediated by the cAMP system. Neural stimulation causes the…
Q: The GAL4 expression system can be used to experimentally induce expression of a gene in a specific…
A: INDUCED EXPRESSION - Inducible expression systems are essential molecular tools for the production…
Q: Suggest a mechanism by which ARF leads to p53 build-up.
A: p53 protein gets activated when there is a damage in DNA sequence which can be induced by any other…
Q: The Wnt planar polarity signaling pathway nor-mally ensures that each wing cell in Drosophila has a…
A: Gene expression is the phenomenon in which the gene expresses itself in the form of functional…
Q: In mammalian females, the majority of one X chromosome's genes are shut down in a process called X…
A: Step 1- In mammalian females , the majority of one chromosomes gene , are shut down in a process…
Q: researcher has identified a mutant strain of yeast whose histones are unable to be acetylated. Which…
A: Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the…
Q: The transcription factor Pax6 is required continuallyduring the life of a mouse (or a human) for the…
A: Pax6 is a kind of transcription factor which is required for the development of retina in mouse and…
Q: Explain how the Sxl promoter “counts” the number of Xchromosomes in Drosophila.
A: In Drosophila, male flies have only one X chromosome and female flies have two XX chromosomes.
Q: A drug called garcinol, is isolated from Garciniaindica (a fruit-bearing tree commonly known as…
A: Garcinol is a benzophenone derivative that has been polyisoprenylated. It has phenolic hydroxyl…
Q: A p53 knockout mouse in which both copies of p53 are defectivehas been produced by researchers. This…
A: p53 is a gene that makes protein call tumor protein and it acts as tumor suppresor. It is found…
Q: Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare humandisease caused by a dominant loss-of-function…
A: Hi there! Since you have posted multiple questions, we are answering only first two sub-parts.…
Q: Suppose you want to determine whether a particulargene X is important for specification of the…
A: Genes are the functional unit of inheritance. It is made up of DNA which carries the genetic…
Q: In a haploid, a nonsense suppressor su1 acts on mutation1 but not on mutation 2 or 3 of gene P. An…
A: In a procedure known as synthetic rescue, a suppressor mutation is a second mutation that alleviates…
Q: . Null alleles (mutant genes) produce no protein product. This is a genetic change. However,…
A: Introduction Epigenetics is the study of how your behaviour and environment can influence how your…
Q: The easily observed external structures in insects, such as different pairs of legs, antennae, and…
A: Imaginal disc are the disc shaped structure originates from the Imago. Imago is latin word which…
Q: Describe the inheritance pattern of maternal effect genes. Explainhow the maternal effect occurs at…
A: Majority of genes follow the Mendelian inheritance in eukaryotic organisms. There are a few…
Q: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear gene ARG8encodes an enzyme that catalyzes a key step in…
A: Gene refers to the specific segment of DNA in a discrete region of the chromosome. It encodes a…
Q: Methylation of certain lysine residues in histones leads to gene silencing, whereas methylation of…
A: Histone methylation is a process wherein certain amino acids in a histone protein are modified by…
Q: Which of the following proteins is a combinatorial transcriptional regulator in Drosophila that…
A: There are few important points : Combinatorial transcriptional regulator : It is a particular…
Q: Explain the signaling mechanism of retinoic acid, the source of retinoic acid in vivo, and how…
A: Retinoic acid (RA) is a derivative of vitamin A, also called Retinol. It is known to play various…
Q: A mutation occurs in the Drosophila doublesex gene that prevents Tra from binding to the dsx RNA…
A: Any alternation in the sequence of nucleotide in the genome of any organism is said to be mutation.…
Q: Discuss the morphological differences between the parasegments and segments of Drosophila. Discuss…
A: The developmental genes play an important role in guiding the development to find out what kind of…
Q: which specifies an inactive ASIP protein, and for the Kb allele of gene K, whose product is a…
A: ASIP (Agouti signaling protein) is an antagonist of MC1R (Melanocortin 1 receptor). MC1R is a G…
Q: Which of the following does NOT pertain to the myoblast-determining gene 1?* a. It is a master gene.…
A: Developmental biology describes how interacting mechanisms generate an organism's various size,…
Q: ccording to the histone-code hypothesis, what is one way that cell specialization occurs? a)…
A: Histone code hypothesis : It was proposed by Strahl and Allis . Multiple histone modifications ,…
Q: IPSCs are nearly identical to human embryonic stemcells in terms of gene expression, but there may…
A: Introduction The aging of cells can be attributed to several factors such as degradation of cellular…
Q: A single mutation in one of the transcription factors inProblem 33 results in a drastic reduction in…
A: Introduction A mutation occurs when the sequence of DNA changes. Mutations can occur as a result of…
Q: Define the epigenetic mechanisms - chromatin remodeling bythe addition or removal of chemical groups…
A: Introduction Expression of gene is highly under control by various mechanisms such as histone…
Q: Q. Both histone deacetylase (HDAC) and Xist would be on a list of genes involved in X chromosome…
A: Histone proteins have positively charged amino acid residues like lysine, arginine. DNA is double…
Recently, scientists constructed a transgene that expresses a mutant form of Drosophila histone H3 in
which lysine 27 in the histone tail was changed to methionine (H3K27M). Expression of the H3K27M
transgene results in aberrant development of fruit flies
because of inappropriate expression of many different
genes. Explain this finding.
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Researchers know that Fru-M controls male sexualbehavior in Drosophila because inappropriate Fru-Mexpression in females causes them to behave likemales: Such females display male behaviors that areoriented toward other females.a. Describe a fru mutation that could cause the expression of Fru-M in females.b. Describe a transgene construct that scientistscould generate and insert into Drosophila femalesthat would have the same effect as the mutant youdescribed in (a).Drosophila geneticists have isolated many mutationsthat modify position-effect variegation. Dominantsuppressors of variegation [Su(var)s] cause less frequent inactivation of genes brought near heterochromatin by chromosome rearrangements, whiledominant enhancers of variegation [E(var)s] causemore frequent inactivation of such genes.a. What effects would each of these two kinds of mutations have on position-effect variegation of thewhite gene in Drosophila (that is, would the eyesbe more red or more white)?b. Assuming that these Su(var) and E(var) mutationsare loss-of-function (null) alleles in the corresponding genes, what kinds of proteins do youthink these genes might encode?Let’s suppose an X-linked gene in mice exists as two alleles, whichwe will call B and b. X-chromosome inactivation, a process inwhich one X chromosome is turned off, occurs in the somatic cellsof female mammals . Allele B encodes an mRNA that is 900 nucleotides long, whereas allele b contains a small deletion that shortens the mRNA to a length of 825 nucleotides.Draw the expected Northern blot that will be obtained usingmRNA isolated from somatic tissue of the followingmice:Lane 1. mRNA from an XbY male mouseLane 2. mRNA from an XbXb female mouseLane 3. mRNA from an XBXb female mouse.Note: The sample taken from the female mouse is not from aclone of cells. It is from a tissue sample, like the one shown.
- The TBX20 transcription factor is important for the developmentof heart tissue. Deletion of the Tbx20 gene in mice results in poorheart development and the death of mice well before birth. Tobetter understand how TBX20 regulates heart development ata genetic level, Sakabe et al. (2012. Hum. Mol. Genet. 21:2194–2204) performed a transcriptome analysis in which they comparedthe levels of all mRNAs between heart cells from wild-typemice and mice with Tbx20 deleted. This study concluded that TBX20 acts as an activator ofsome genes but a repressor of other genes in cardiac tissue.How might a single transcription factor have oppositeeffects on the transcription of different genes?Researchers have exploited Minute mutations in orderto study the phenotypes associated with recessive lethal mutations (l−) that decrease the rate of cell divisionand thus make only very tiny homozygous mutant clones that are difficult to analyze. Many differentstrains of Drosophila carry dominant loss-of-functionMinute (M) mutations in a variety of genes encodingribosomal protein subunits. The M genes are haploinsufficient; flies with only one wild-type M+ gene copyhave a slower pace of cell division, and thus prolongeddevelopment and subtle morphological abnormalities.To circumvent the tiny clone problem, researchersgenerate GFP-marked homozygous l−/ l− clones thatare also M+/ M+, in flies that are l−/ l+ and M−/ M+.The loss of the Minute mutation only in cells withinthe clone gives the l−/ l− cells a growth advantageover their neighbors, enabling the mutant clone togrow large enough to study. Diagram chromosomesthat could be used to generate such clonesThe Wnt planar polarity signaling pathway nor-mally ensures that each wing cell in Drosophila has a sin-gle hair. Overexpression of the Frizzled gene from a heat-shock promoter (hs-Fz) causes multiple hairs to grow frommany cells (Figure Q15–5A). This phenotype is suppressedif hs-Fz is combined with a heterozygous deletion (DshΔ)of the Dishevelled gene (Figure Q15–5B). Do these resultsallow you to order the action of Frizzled and Dishevelledin the signaling pathway? If so, what is the order? Explainyour reasoning
- In the Fast Forward Box Visualizing X ChromosomeInactivation in Transgenic Mice, suppose the investigators had looked at the expression of green and red fluorescent protein in early mouse embryos, when theembryos have fewer than 500 cells. What patterns wouldthey likely have observed? (Assume that the transgenesmake gene product this early in development.)Each year in the United States, there are over 230,000 newcases of prostate cancer and almost 28,000 deaths. A 3.8-Mbregion on chromosome 8 (8q24), called a gene desert, has genes but contains enhancer sequences that potentiallyconfer significant risks for prostate cancer. One particular enhancerallele, which is known to be associated with an elevated risk forprostate cancer, physically interacts with the promoter region ofthe nearby MYC gene and facilitates its upregulation. Overexpressionof MYC, which encodes a cell-cycle regulatory protein, isobserved in multiple types of cancer (see Chapter 24). The riskallele has a frequency of 49 percent in men of European descentand 81 percent in men of African ancestry. Most of the differentialMYC activity associated with the risk allele occurs during prenataldevelopment, raising the possibility that testing for this alleleearly in life can be used to identify those in the African-Americanpopulation who are at very high risk for prostate…What would be the most likely effect of inhibiting the translation of hunchback mRNA throughout a Drosophila embryo?
- Based on Figure 14-14 and the features of ultraconservedelements, what would you predict you’d observe if youinjected a reporter-gene construct of the rat ortholog ofthe ISL1 ultraconserved element into fertilized mouseoocytes and examined reporter gene expression in thedeveloping embryo?The Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear gene ARG8encodes an enzyme that catalyzes a key step in biosynthesis of the amino acid arginine. This protein isnormally synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes, butthen is transported into mitochondria, where the enzyme conducts its functions. In 1996, T. D. Fox andhis colleagues constructed a strain of yeast in which agene encoding the Arg8 protein was itself moved intomitochondria, where functional protein could besynthesized on mitochondrial ribosomes.a. How could these investigators move the ARG8gene from the nucleus into the mitochondria, whilepermitting the synthesis of active enzyme? In whatways would the investigators need to alter theARG8 gene to allow it to function in the mitochondria instead of in the nucleus?b. Why might these researchers have wished to movethe ARG8 gene into mitochondria in the firstplace?In a mutant mouse, it was discovered that a gene "W" is moved from its original chromosomal locus to the telomere region, where chromatin is packed into heterochromatin. Given what we have learned about eukaryotic gene regulation, can you speculate how the expression of gene W in the new mouse line would be changed as compare to the normal mouse? Question 18 options: elevated in the mutant mouse than in the wild-type mouse. cannot be determined. reduced in the mutant mouse than in the wild-type mouse. no change in the mutant mouse as compared to the wild-type mouse.