In the hurdle method of price discrimination, a seller gives a lower price only to those who are price sensitive by choosing a discount pattern so that every fifth or 100th (or whatever chosen frequency) customer receives a discount. O identifying those who are price sensitive by the goods they buy and then discounting those goods only. O requiring price-sensitive buyers to do something extra to get a lower price. O identifying a characteristic of those who are price sensitive and giving that group discounts.
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- Suppose you are the owner of a movie theater. There are two types of customers: senior (‘s’) and non-senior (‘ns’). You know if a customer is a senior or non-senior and so you could use price discrimination with selection by indicators. The demand for movies is: Senior: qs = 30 − 3ps Non-Senior: qns = 15 − pns 1. Plot the total demand curve and the marginal revenue curve if the two types of consumers are as one. 2. Suppose that MC = 1 and that you can only set a single price. 2a. What is the optimal uniform price? 2b. What is the profit under uniform pricing? 2c. What is consumer surplus under uniform pricing?A6 3) Pricinga) Provide a real-world example of third-degree price discrimination (with a hyperlink to the example). Discuss what prevents re-sale in your example (i.e. why can’t people who pay a lower price sell the good to people who face a higher price?). b) Provide a real-world example of a seller offering a “decoy option” (with a hyperlink to the example). Discuss how you expect the demand for the other options to change if this decoy option was removed from the market by the seller.Exercise 4.3 Show why optimal third-degree price discrimination requires that the marginal income for each group of consumers be equal to the marginal cost. Use this condition to explain how a firm must alter its prices and total output if the demand curve of one of the consumer groups shifts outward, so that the marginal income corresponding to that group increases. (TdeR. 5, cap. 11 de PR9)
- A monopolist earns $30 million annually and will maintain that level of profit indefinitely, provided that no other firm enters the market. However, if another firm enters the market, the monopolist will earn $30 million in the current period and $15 million annually thereafter. The opportunity cost of funds is 10 percent, and profits in each period are realized at the beginning of each period. a. What is the present value of the monopolist’s current and future earnings if entry occurs? b. If the monopolist can earn $16 million indefinitely by limit pricing, should it do so? Explain.Suppose the own price elasticity of market demand for retail gasoline is -0.9, the Rothschild index is 0.6, and atypical gasoline retailer enjoys sales of $1, 200, 000annually. What is the price elasticity of demand for arepresentative gasoline retailer's product? Instruction:Enter your response rounded to two decimal places. Ifentering a negative number, be sure to use thenegative (-) sign.Suppose both a monopolist and a perfectly competitive firm are producing in theirrespective markets at a point where marginal cost is $8 and marginal revenue is $10. Whatshould the profit-maximizing firms do? Group of answer choices Both the monopolist and the perfectly competitive firm should increase output until MC= MR. The monopolist should keep producing at this level but the perfectly competitive firmshould decrease output until MC = MR. The monopolist should increase output but the perfectly competitive firm should shutdown. Both the monopolist and the perfectly competitive firm should decrease output until MC= MR.
- Explain how the mechanism for the application of three types of price discrimination that can be effective from a firm's point of view in order to maximize its profit. You are required to provide examples to show how this can be done.A monopolist earns $40 million annually and will maintain that level of profit indefinitely, provided that no other firm enters the market. However, if another firm enters the market, the monopolist will earn $40 million in the current period and $22 million annually thereafter. The opportunity cost of funds is 15 percent, and profits in each period are realized at the beginning of each period. a. What is the present value of the monopolist’s current and future earnings if entry occurs?b. If the monopolist can earn $27 million indefinitely by limit pricing, should it do so?True/False 1. In a principal-agent relationship between owner and manager with hidden e§ort, the owner can design a wage scheme that insures the optimal Örst best e§ort by the manager regardless of the risk aversion of the manager. Justify your answer. 2. Consider a monopoly that faces an inverse demand curve and has a linear cost function. The monopoly would be indi§erent when maximizing proÖts between either choosing quantities or choosing prices. 3. A multiproduct Örm that as monopoly power over several products sets lower prices than separate Örms (each controlling a single product) when the products are substitutes or when there are economies of scope. 4. In the dominant Örm model (‡ la Hotelling) an increase in the marginal cost of the dominant Örm (with constant marginal costs) implies that proÖts necessarily decrease. 5. Suppose that an industry has 10 Örms where the market shares are ordered from the most to the least dominant Örm f0:5; 0:37; 0:05; 0:03; 0:02; 0:01;…
- In Salop’s model of entry deterrence, the unconstrained monopoly earns profits (in present value terms) equal to some amount v0. Suppose v0 = 100. If entry were to occur, the two firms would share the market, each earning v1.(A) Why do we expect 2 v1 to be less than 100 ? (B) The incumbent monopoly can prevent entry by expending a fixed and irreversible amount C that the entrant must match. What conditions on the size of C will both successfully prevent entry, and equally importantly, result in greater profit for the incumbent than by allowing entry?A monopolist earns $40 million annually and will maintain that level of profit indefinitely, provided that no other firm enters the market. However, if another firm enters the market, the monopolist will earn $40 million in the current period and $22 million annually thereafter. The opportunity cost of funds is 15 percent, and profits in each period are realized at the beginning of each period. a. What is the present value of the monopolist’s current and future earnings if entry occurs?Instruction: Enter your response rounded to the nearest penny (two decimal places).$ millionb. If the monopolist can earn $27 million indefinitely by limit pricing, should it do so?A monopolist hires you to design its pricing policy. After month of doing market research you realize that the own-price elasticity is not the same for different groups of consumers in the market. (a) If group (a) has an own-price elasticity of 2.16 and group (b) 1.26. Assuming that the firm can directly observe an indicator of belonging to groups (a) and (b), what degree of price-discrimination can the monopolist implement? which group will end up paying more? (b) Will producer's surplus increase or decrease with price discrimination? what about consumer surplus? (consider single pricing vs price discrimination) (c) If a you get hold of a magic crystal ball that tells you the exact willingness to pay of each consumer. What type of price discrimination can the monopolist use to maximize profits? is this strategy “efficient” from the point of view of total surplus? are consumers better-off or worse-off? (Hint: A graph can greatly clarify this part.)