Inflammation is the hallmark of an activated immune response. Explain how inflammation is triggered by both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Are the inflammatory cells the same for both methods of activation? Why does inflammation subside as an infection is controlled?

Q: Explain why a scraped knee increases the chance that pathogens willtrigger an adaptive immune…

A: Immunology is a section of biology that includes the study of molecules, cells, and organs that…

Q: Compare and contrast cytotoxic T cells and NK cells?

A: Both cytotoxic cells and NK cells are capable of killing foreign pathogens and also cancer cells but…

Q: Describe the function of B Cells in Humoral (Antibody-Mediated) Immune Response.

A: Immunity is defined as a complex biological mechanism that can recognize and accept what belongs to…

Q: Describe the component of adaptive immunity and the function of cytotoxic t cells

A: Adaptive immunity is a type of immunity that develops after being exposed to an antigen, either from…

Q: Describe the five steps of the cellular immune response.

A: A cellular immune response also called the cell-mediated immune response, T cell plays a central…

Q: How are cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity alike? How are they different?

A: Human have three type of immunity:  Innate immunity: Humans are born with innate immunity such as…

Q: Which type of T-cell activates a macrophage to greater killing power in the presence of an…

A: A T cell is a type of lymphocyte, which develops in the thymus gland (hence the name) and plays a…

Q: Are there other examples besides immune secretions in which a single substance may act as both an…

A: Immune cells secrete the secretions that protect body from immunity. In body three types of glands…

Q: Explain why most immune reactions result in a polyclonal collection of antibodies.

A: Polyclonal antibodies are synthesized by injecting an immunogen into an animal (mouse) and the…

Q: Describe the role of the thymus in cell-mediated immunity, and identify the different types of T…

A: Thymus gland is located in the thoracic cavity in between the sternum and trachea, superior to the…

Q: Describe the components of the innate immune response.  Describe the sequence of events when a…

A: The innate immune system is considered as the first line of defense, which helps to provide…

Q: Define the key components that make up the innate immune system (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils,…

A: A key component of the innate immune system- Macrophage- Derived from blood monocyte and are…

Q: Which three stages of typical adaptive immune response can be divided?

A: Adaptive immunity is a type of immunity which one person gets from the outside in the form of…

Q: Describe the role of complement in innate immunity

A: Any abnormal condition that hinders normal body functioning is considered a disease. Pathogen attack…

Q: An individual is infected with a particular pathogen that he had before. This results in the…

A: Immunity is a complicated biological system with the ability to recognize and accept what belongs to…

Q: What would happen to the immune system, if thymus gland is removed from the body of a person?

A: The thymus gland is a large globular organ that releases T-cells to boost the immune system and it…

Q: shortly say how is cell mediated immunity different than complement proteins?

A: Humans have a well-developed immune system to fight the harmful bacteria, viruses, or toxins…

Q: Always decline or elevation of immune cells can not be considered as a sign of disease?

A: The immune system consists of an innate and adaptive system.

Q: Distinguish between antibody-mediated immunity and cell mediated immunity. What components are…

A: Antibody mediated response is a humoral immunity and is a component of adaptive immunity where…

Q: Distinguish between humoral immune response and cell- mediated immune response.

A: DEFINITION  Humoral Immunity Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies. It displays a fast response…

Q: What three molecules are released by NK cells to destroy an infected or cancerous cell?

A: Natural killers cells are a type of lymphocytes present in the blood circulation and form a…

Q: Define immune escape

A: an antigen is a molecule or molecular structure or any foreign particulate matter or a pollen grain…

Q: What is the role of histamine in inflammatory response? Name few drugs which reduce the symptoms of…

A: Allergy is referred to as the hypersensitiveness of a person to some foreign substance when coming…

Q: Describe how this humoral response differs from a cell mediated immune response

A: Active immunity includes both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. When the innate immune system…

Q: What class of immune cells are important in negatively regulating immune function?

A: T lymphocytes (a type of white blood cells) play an important role in eliminating pathogens from the…

Q: List and explain briefly three characteristics of the innate immune system

A: The natural reaction happens similarly and similarly paying little mind to how often a microbe is…

Q: Which of these statements best describes the purpose of inflammation?

A: Body response to a specific place Against the alien particle is said to inflammation

Q: What two processes contribute to immune tolerance?

A: Immune tolerance is a state that prevent the destructive reactivity of the immune system that is…

Q: How would a macrophage deficiency likely affect a person's innate and adaptive defenses? • Explain…

A: Pathogens are disease-causing organisms that can cause humans to become ill or die depending on the…

Q: Outline the events in the innate and adaptive immune responses, from when a pathogen invades to…

A: Introduction  Immunity: it is the property/capability of our system to fight against the harmful…

Q: Describe in detailed information In text What specific defence mechanism and the third line of…

A: The immune system functions to protect the human body from harmful microbial pathogens as well as…

Q: Explain why the processes of T-lymphocytes are collectively called the cellmediated branch of…

A: The adaptive immune response refer to an initial infection takes much longer to form than the innate…

Q: How might cytokines work to bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses?

A: An immune system is a complex network of organs, tissues, cells, and soluble substances that enables…

Q: Describe how helper T-lymphocytes play a pivotal role in a healthy, normally functioning immune…

A: Introduction: Immunity is referred to as the host's resistance against any foreign antigen,…

Q: List the series of reactions involved in inflammatory response

A: The inflammation is a defense mechanism of the body that helps the body to fight against the things…

Q: What is the origin of the phagocytes andlymphocytes active in the immune response? Track…

A: Immunology is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of the immune system and…

Q: Describe cell-mediated immune response and humoral immune response

A: cell mediated immune response- Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response that does not involve…

Q: . Inflammation is the hallmark of an active immune response.Explain how inflammation is triggered by…

A: Inflammation is important for immune system response during infection and wound. It is the way the…

Q: What cells are involved in cell mediated and the humoral immune response? Explain the major outcome…

A: Adaptive immunity or acquired immunity is divided into two types: humoral immunity and cell-mediated…

Q: Describe when inflammation is good and when it is bad. What are the five hallmarks of inflammation?…

A: Introduction Inflammation:- It is a process When your body encounters an offending agent (like…

Q: What is the difference between phagocytes and leukocytes and explain their types?

A: The immune system of the body protects the individual from the attack of external pathogens. The…

Q: What effect would the absence or alteration of lymphocytes b have on the body?

A: B-lymphocytes are a part of adaptive cell immunity which is responsible for humoral immunity by…

Q: How would a lack of helper T cells affect the antibody-mediated immune response?

A: The adaptive immune response of the body is initiated by the entry of an antigen. The adaptive…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.