Put the following events in the synthesis of a polypeptide in the proper order. An initiator tRNA already bound to the small subunit binds to an mRNA. An aminoacyl tRNA matches its anticodon to the codon in the A site. The large subunit attaches to the small subunit, with the initiator tRNA in the P site. A peptide bond forms. A tRNA translocates from the A site to the P site, and an empty tRNA exits from the E site.

Put the following events in the synthesis of a polypeptide in the proper order. An initiator tRNA already bound to the small subunit binds to an mRNA. An aminoacyl tRNA matches its anticodon to the codon in the A site. The large subunit attaches to the small subunit, with the initiator tRNA in the P site. A peptide bond forms. A tRNA translocates from the A site to the P site, and an empty tRNA exits from the E site.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter15: From Dna To Protein

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4TYK

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Which of the following statements is false? a. GTP is an energy source during various stages of translation. b. In the ribosome, peptidyl transferase catalyzes peptide bondformation between amino acids. c. When the mRNA code UAA reaches the ribosome, there isno tRNA to bind to it. d. A long polypeptide is cut off the tRNA in the A site so its Metamino acid links to the amino acid in the P site. e. Forty-two amino acids of a protein are encoded by 126nucleotides of the mRNA.
The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this? complementarity nonsense codons universality degeneracy
Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, tetracycline blocks the A site on the bacterial ribosome, and chloramphenicol blocks peptidyl transfer. What specific effect would you expect each of these antibiotics to have on protein synthesis? Tetracycline would directly affect: tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chain Chloramphenicol would directly affect tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chain
A scientist introduces a mutation that makes the 60S ribosomal subunit nonfunctional in a human cell line. What would be the predicted effect on translation? Translation stalls after the initiation AUG codon is identified The ribosome cannot catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between the tRNAs in the A and P sites The ribosome cannot interact with mRNAs tRNAs cannot exit the E site of the ribosome.
A part of an mRNA molecule with the sequence 5-UGC GCA-3 is being translated by a ribosome. The following activated tRNA molecules are available. tRNA Anticodon Amino Acid 3-GGC-5 Proline 3-CGU-5 Alanine 3-UGC-5 Treonine 3-CCG-5 Glycine 3-ACG-5 Cysteine 3-CGC-5 Alanine Which two of them can bind correctly to the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form? a. cysteinealanine b. prolinecysteine c. glycinecysteine d. alaninealanine e. threonineglycine
3. The sequence of bases on an mRNA strand is AAUCGACGCCCGACUAGC. List the codons present in this sequence. 4. List the tRNA anticodons that would pair with the codons present in the above sequence of mRNA. 5. Determine the translated amino acid sequence obtained from the mRNA strand given in question 3. You may use the genetic code table to translate. 6. A tRNA anticodon has the base sequence CCG. Identify the DNA base sequence that was used to produce the codon that will bind it to this anticodon. 7. Explain how you would determine whether a single chain of nucleotides is RNA or DNA. 8. Describe all the elements required to carry out the process of translation. 9. Describe the importance of DNA in determining the structure of a particular protein.
7. A segment of a DNA strand consists of ...GCTTAGACCTGA.... (a) Identify the expected nucleotide order in the complementary mRNA (b) Identify the sequence of amino acids coded for by this segment of DNA. (c) Describe the bond that forms during translation to link amino acids together. Identify the functional groups that react and the atoms involved.
3. translate the following sequence of messenger RNA nucleotides in a sequence of amino acids forming part of a polypeptide chain a. C-U-G-U-U-U-U-G-C-A-G-U-G-G-U-U b. write the sequence of nucleotides for the portion of a DNA molecule that served as a pattern or template for the formation of the messenger RNA above. c. A certain protein contains the following sequence of amino acids: isoleucine-serine-arginine-glutamic acid-serine-proline-valine-glutamic acid. Using the table found in your text, write the sequence of RNA triplet that would code for this sequence of amino acids. then write the sequence of DNA triplets that would code for the formation of RNA
1. The codon AUG on the mRNA codes for which amino acid (give the 3-letter abbreviation)? _______ The codon GGA would indicate which amino acid? _______ If a codon UAG is reached what does this indicate? _______
1. Identify the name of the correct amino acid that corresponds to the correct tRNA codon and mRNA codon. State the process used to convert to mRNA and tRNA.
17. All of the following occur when the amino acids of two tRNA molecules are joined, except. a. The tRNA in the first position is released to get a new amino acid b. The mRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome to be joined to the growing polypeptide c. The growing polypeptide is attached to the tRNA in the second position d. The mRNA is pulled through the ribosome so that the tRNA with the protein chain goes into the first position
3’ G G A U A C G U C A C C G G U A U A A G G U U U C G U A U C G 5’ If the RNA synthesized above is a functional mRNA and all the nucleotides belong to an exon, a. how many codons are present in this mRNA? b. how many codons actually code for a protein in this mRNA? c. what stop codon is present in this mRNA?

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	An initiator tRNA already bound to the small subunit binds to an mRNA.
	An aminoacyl tRNA matches its anticodon to the codon in the A site.
	The large subunit attaches to the small subunit, with the initiator tRNA in the P site.
	A peptide bond forms.
	A tRNA translocates from the A site to the P site, and an empty tRNA exits from the E site.