1. A DNA fragment was sequenced; however, the scatter-brained professor lost track of the direction of thesequence. The resulting sequence is given, but without the 3' or 5' ends identified. NOTE the sequence listed isdouble stranded.(a) Find all START codons (in both directions and for both strands) and report the sequence of the two startcodon(s) plus the next 3 bases downstream (i.e. 5' to 3' direction)(b) One of the start codons has a STOP codon 5 codons downstream, list the 18 bases that contain the targetsequence and the 6 amino acids that this (very short) open reading frame would translate to(c) BONUS: Identify the 3' or 5' ends for lables1- 4(1) ATATTAAAAAAGGTTTAGGTACGGAACGTCGAAGAGAACTAAACACAAATTAAGTGACAGACAGTTGTC (2)(3) TATAATTTTTTCCAAATCCATGCCTTGCAGCTTCTCTTGATTTGTGTTTAATTCACTGTCTGTCTACAG(4)

In a transcription unit; the there are 2 DNA strands. The strand with polarity 3' to 5' is the…

Answered: 1. A DNA fragment was sequenced;…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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6a) Transcribe the following DNA sequence into codons. TACGCGACATTACATGAATCGTTTGGAGATTAGCCCTATTTCTCTAAGAACACGACTb) Excise(cut out) codons numbered 5, 6, and 7. Leave the remaining codons. c) Now translate the sequence . d) Explain how many amino acids are now in your polypeptide? e) What would happen to your polypeptide if either of your cysteine amino acids near the start or end of thepolypeptide were translated incorrectly. f) Based on your final polypeptide can you make the original DNA strand by doing reverse translation andtranscription? g) Explain if your polypeptide similar to your template strand or the complementary strand?
7. A segment of a DNA strand consists of ...GCTTAGACCTGA.... (a) Identify the expected nucleotide order in the complementary mRNA (b) Identify the sequence of amino acids coded for by this segment of DNA. (c) Describe the bond that forms during translation to link amino acids together. Identify the functional groups that react and the atoms involved.
1. Discuss the difference between intron and Exon
1. A tRNA to which the correct amino acid has been attached is called?
1. Considering the following nucleotide sequence in an mRNA molecule: 5’ AUG UUA CGU AAU GCU GUC GAA UCU AUU UGC UUU ACA UAA 3' a) Write the sequence of the DNA template (antisense) strand from which the mRNA was synthesized. b) Write the sequence of the DNA coding (sense or informational) strand complementary to the template strand. c) Write the sequence of tRNA anticodon that corresponds to the given mRNA molecule. d) Write the amino acid sequence of the peptide synthesized from the given mRNA nucleotide sequence. e) Draw the structure of the pertide fragment made up of the first five (5) amino acids in the given polypeptide.
1. What is the nucleotide sequence of the complementary strand of the DNA molecule: 5’-AATGCGATCTTCAT-3’?2. What is the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA transcribed from the template DNA strand: 3’-GCTACAAAAAGTCCATAATCGC-5’? Indicate the 5’ and 3’ ends.3. If the mRNA sequence you obtained in question 2 were to be translated, what would be the sequence of amino acids? Indicate the N-terminal and C-terminal amino acids.
1. What is the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA transcribed from the template DNA strand: 3’-GCTACAAAAAGTCCATAATCGC-5’? Indicate the 5’ and 3’ ends. Follow the same format as the given sequence. 2. If the mRNA sequence you obtained in question 2 were to be translated, what would be the sequence of amino acids in the peptide? Use the 3-letter code of the amino acids. Separate the amino acids with a dash (-). NO NEED to indicate the N- and C-terminal amino acids. Assumption is that the first amino acid is the N-terminal. 3. If the mRNA sequence you obtained in question 2 were to be translated, what would be the sequence of amino acids in the peptide? Use the 3-letter code of the amino acids. Separate the amino acids with a dash (-). NO NEED to indicate the N- and C-terminal amino acids. The assumption is that the first amino acid is the N-terminal.
1. Define the primary structure of DNA/RNA. Compare and contrast to the primary structure of proteins.
1. Assume that the ribosome has just catalyzed the formation of a peptide bond, but the ribosome has not yet translocated to the next codon. Is the polypeptide attached to the A-site tRNA or to the P-site tRNA?
1) Considering how readily RNA folds to form a secondary structure, why isn’t it used to store genetic information rather than double-stranded DNA? Cite multiple reasons. 2) Do miRNA and siRNA both derive from the same source? Explain.
Remember when looking up a codon make sure it is in its mRNA form. Below is a sample of a segment of DNA…(copy from left to right) 3’ TACAATGGGCGACGCGCTTCGTTTCAGATT 5’ 5’ ATGTTACCCGCTGCGCGAAGCAAAGTCTAA 3’ What would be the problem if ATT was inserted into the DNA template strand after the second codon? (Be sure to consult the coding chart for amino acids). 2.What if the second amino acid was repeated over 5Ox. What amino acid is repeated? What type of mutation is this? If this is on chromosome 4, what genetic disorder is this? Often this type of mutation does show symptoms until middle age. What problem does this create? 3.What are three differences between a point mutation and deletion mutation
3’atgtaccatgcgcaaatttaaaggccc5’. a) Using this single template strand of a DNA as a template, write the base sequence of the complementary strand. b) List the molecules must be present for DNA to be replicated and briefly describe their function.

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