The peptidyltransferase reaction begins with the hydrolysis or breaking of the bond between the carboxyl group of the last amino acid added to the growing polypeptide and the 3' end of the tRNA in the P site. How does the ribosome get the necessary activation energy to catalyze that hydrolysis reaction?

Q: How does the cell ensure that a specific amino acid (say, valine) attaches itself only to the one…

A: Translation is the process by which polypeptides are synthesized from a mRNA transcript, which was…

Q: What would be the direct consequence to a cell of loss-of-function of Elongation Factor-Tu (EF-Tu)?…

A: EF-Tu is a highly conserved elongation factor in prokaryotes. It catalyzes the binding of tRNA…

Q: What does the A site on the ribosome do?     What does the P site on the ribosome do?…

A: The ribosome is a complex molecule made up of ribosomal RNA molecules and proteins that functions as…

Q: The covalent attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA is an endergonic reaction. In other words, it…

A: Introduction  In the protein translation process, the key role is played by the tRNA which…

Q: The antibiotic erythromycin disrupts protein synthesis by binding to the 50 S subunit and preventing…

A: tRNA is the transfer RNA . It is the smallest of three major species of RNA molecule. They transfer…

Q: Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosome…

A: Gene expression is a process by which the genes are turned on to form RNA and proteins. This is seen…

Q: A mutant E. coli strain is found with a mutation affecting some of its tRNA(Cys). The wild type…

A: The translation is the process of analyzing the mRNA message in order to produce a protein. It is…

Q: Explain why it is that the anticodon sequence AGG can bind to multiple different Serine codons. 2.…

A: The genetic codes are triplet of four bases ATGC and thus 43=64 codons are possible. These 64 codon…

Q: In bacteria, researchers have isolated strains that carry mutations within tRNA genes. These…

A: Codon is located on mRNA while anticodon is on tRNA. Anticodons specifically identifies and pair to…

Q: Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosome…

A: A ribosome is a biological unit made up of RNA and protein that functions as the cell's protein…

Q: An anticodon has the sequence GCG. What amino acid does this tRNA carry? What would be the effect of…

A: Anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that bind to a specific…

Q: If a tRNA has an anticodon sequence 5'-CAU-3', What would be an amino acid carried by that tRNA?

A: Codon is defined as the the group of three nucleotides that encode an amino acid.

Q: The wobble rules for tRNA-mRNA pairing are shown. If we assume that the tRNAs do not containmodified…

A: The pairing of tRNA anticodon with mRNA codon lead from the 5’ end of codon. The first 2 position…

Q: An enzyme known as ___________________ attaches an amino acid to the_________________ of a tRNA,…

A: Translation is the process by which polypeptides are synthesized from a mRNA transcript which is…

Q: Which of the following would explain the formation of double-stranded loops in tRNA? A.…

A: tRNA stands for transfer RNA. It is responsible for transferring the amino acids from cytoplasm to…

Q: An anticodon on a TRNA has the sequence 3' UAC 5. What amino acid would it be charged with?

A: The tRNA is the transfer ribonucleic acid and it helps to decode the information present in the mRNA…

Q: Which of the following statements is true regarding the formylmethionine that serves as the first…

A: Introduction Protein synthesis:- The process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into…

Q: How does the antibiotic streptomycin inhibit bacterial translation? Multiple Choice blocks…

A: Translation Translation involves the answer of information in mrna molecules into the amino acid…

Q: Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosome…

A: Ribosomes are the protein synthesizing machinery present in a cell. A protein is synthesized during…

Q: Which of the following statements is false about the structure of TRNA? O Because of hydrogen bonds,…

A: RNA is ribonucleic acid which is single stranded .It is of three types :- A ) mRNA B ) tRNA C ) rRNA

Q: In addition to variable sites, the strucutre of a tRNA includes

A: tRNA tRNA or transfer RNA, sometimes referred as sRNA, is a adapter molecule which read the codon…

Q: In which site(s) of the ribosome could you find a tRNA with more than one amino acid bound (a…

A: Introduction :- The peptidyl transferase is an aminoacyltransferase and the principal enzymatic…

Q: the chemical group responsible for nucleophilic attack in translational elongation is  a) free…

A: Translation:        It involves decoding a messenger (mRNA) and using it's information to build a…

Q: Suppose the following peptide chain was attached to a gly -tRNA during translation : met -leu-asp…

A: Serine will be added next to glycine in the growing peptide chain through formation of a peptide…

Q: The P site of a ribosome does which of the following?     It holds the tRNA carrying the growing…

A: The p-site is known as the peptidyl site and the A-site is the acceptor site which binds to the…

Q: Vaccina virus (used in the polio vaccine) produces an enzyme that takes the 5’ cap off of the mRNAs…

A: The 5'-G caping is only found in the eukaryotic mRNA. This is the result of post transcriptional…

Q: The peptidyltransferase reaction begins with the hydrolysis or breaking of the bond between the…

A: Protein molecule is the functional unit of a cell. The information for the synthesis of a protein is…

Q: The antibiotic erythromycin disrupts protein synthesis by binding to the 50 S subunit and preventing…

A: The translation is the process of the synthesis of proteins from mRNA. The translation consists of…

Q: The charging of a tRNA with an amino acid can be represented by the following equation:amino acid +…

A: Translation is a biochemical phenomena in which mRNA molecule gets translated to proteins. Charging…

Q: Which of the following processes are carried out by a Ribozyme?

A: The solution has been provided assuming option B is the last option. Ribozymes are RNA enzymes.…

Q: The peptide bond formation a. occurs when two tRNAs are located inside the P and A site in the…

A: Given: The peptide bond formation.

Q: The primary function of a tRNA is to carry amino acids on its ____________ site to a ribosome…

A: The tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for delivering specific amino acids at the site of…

Q: The 3 sites that bind tRNAs on a ribosome are on the A, P and E sites. How many sites can tRNA(s) be…

A: Translation is the formation of protein from mRNA. It occurs in cytoplasm of cell.

Q: The tertiary structure of a tRNA is shown below. Using the various colored areas (i.e., red, yellow,…

A: Translation refers to the process of polymerisation of amino acid to form a polypeptide.the order…

Q: Which of the following cannot be said regarding aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?   It is essential for the…

A: The Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are universally expressed, fundamental catalyst answerable for…

Q: Explain how lysyl-tRNA synthetase protein in bacterial cells typically undergoes folding with…

A: Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases play a key role in protein biosynthesis by catalyzing the specific…

Q: Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosome…

A: A ribosome is a biological unit made up of RNA and protein that functions as the cell's protein…

Q: During the peptidyl transfer reaction, the polypeptide, which is attached to a tRNA in…

A: Transcription: It is processed to convert DNA into RNA. It is part of the central dogma. It is…

Q: in a clever experiment performed in 1962, a cysteine already attached to its tRNA was chemically…

A: The tiny RNA molecule transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA) is essential for protein synthesis. Transfer…

Q: In any given species, there are at least how many types of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases? a. 20 b. 40…

A: Amino acids are the organic compounds made up of an amino group (−NH2), a carboxyl group (−COOH),…

Q: The tRNA anticodon sequence 3’GAG 5’ is charged with the amino acid leucine. This anticodon may pair…

A: Normal complementary nucleic acid sequences bind to each other by Watson and Crick base pairing but…

Q: A tRNA's anticodon binds to the RNA sequence: 5'-CUA-3'. What is the sequence of the tRNA's…

A: RNA is Ribonucleic acid which is formed from DNA via the process of transcription . It takes place…

Q: Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosome…

A: Central dogma of life involves gene expression, or the flow of genetic information from genes to…

Q: Which of the following molecules are either part of, or directly adjacent to, the…

A: Translation is a process of protein synthesis. It us completed in three steps -  Initiation…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a general feature of tRNA? A. All TRNAS contain 4 loops, the anticodon…

A: tRNA is transfer RNA which is an adaptor molecule and assists in formation of peptide chain during…

Q: Several experiments were conducted to obtain information about how the eukaryotic ribosome…

A: The start codon is the first codon of an mRNA (messenger RNA ) transcript translated by a ribosome.…

Q: If a tRNA has an anticodon sequence 5'-CAU-3', What would be an amino acid carried by that tRNA?…

A: We know that the mRNA carries the codon and the tRNA carries the anticodon. The transfer RNA is the…

Q: Consider the wobble rules listed in Table 15.2. Which of the following mRNA codons will bind to the…

A: Protein translation is the process of molecular biology in which the mRNA synthesized by the process…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.