Question 40A series of chemical reactions convert a polypeptide into 8 acetyl CoAs. This acetylCoA goes into the citric acid cycle and then all of the NADH and FADH2 producedare covnerted to ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.How many total ATP is produced from this acetyl CoA including the citric acid cycleand oxidative phosphorylation?Your Answer:Answerunits

Citric acid cycle: The citric acid cycle is made up of eight chemical reactions that result in the…

Answered: Question 40 A series of chemical…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Question 94 Most of the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose is released during _____. electron transport chemiosmosis glycolysis the citric acid cycle
Question 3 Without oxygen (O2) present, glycolysis normally cannot continue because: There is no more NAD+ being produced The mitochondria die from lack of oxygen O2 is used up during glycolysis enzymes can only function if O2 is present ATP formation requires O2
QUESTION 10 True or False: The energy released by oxidation of NADH in the electron transport system is used to pump protons up their gradient. Protons flowing down their gradient are in turn used to provide the energy for phosphorylation of ADP. True False
QUESTION 26 During gluconeogenesis, whereby liver cells convert pyruvate to glucose, Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) is converted to Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). If the standard equilibrium concentrations are: [F6P] = 0.52 M and [G6P] = 1.48 M, then Keq’ is ______ and the reaction is ________. Fructose-6-P ó Glucose-6-P > 1; exergonic > 1; endergonic < 1; exergonic < 1; endergonic
Question 1: When the CAC is run in reverse by microorganisms that use it to fix carbon, the citrate synthase reaction is different and is catalyzed by an enzyme called ATP-citrate lyase. Write the reaction catalyzed by ATP-citrate lyase, then briefly (in one sentence) explain why the use of different chemistry (different from the ‘normal’ direction) makes sense here.
Question 9 - Under anaerobic conditions in the muscle, lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction converting pyruvate to lactate. What is the metabolic reason for this fermentation reaction? It is necessary to reduce pyruvate before it can be converted to acetyl-CoA and enter the citric acid cycle in muscle. NAD* must be replenished for glycolysis to continue. The reaction creates NADH which can produce additional energy in the electron transport chain. O Lactate is more oxidized than pyruvate.
QUESTION 47 The role of oxygen gas in our cells is to accept electrons that come from NADH. produce CO2. react with glucose to split water. catalyze reactions in glycolysis. breakdown ATP.
Question 1: The overall process enabled by the glyoxylate cycle is: (2acetyl-CoA) + (NAD+) + (2H2O) → (succinate) + (2CoA) + (NADH) + (2H+) Dissect this process further by writing down all of the reactions that are actually involved in making one succinate from two acetyl-CoA units. Show chemical structure for all intermediates.
Question 1: In some microorganisms, carbon fixation occurs by reversal of the citric acid cycle. This reversal is accomplished in part by the use of a strong reductant (ferredoxin) to drive the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction in the reductive direction. Part a: ΔG°‘ for reaction as it occurs in the ‘normal’ (oxidative) citric acid cycle is -30.1 kJ/mol. The standard reduction potential for NADH is -0.32 V. In order to drive the reaction in the reverse direction, the reductant (a ferredoxin) must have a lower reduction potential than NADH/NAD+. Remembering that this is a two-electron reduction, and using the numbers given just above, compute the value of the ferredoxin reduction potential that would be needed to make the standard free energy zero (so that the reductive reaction is enegetically just as favorable as the oxidative reaction). Assume that all of the other reactants are the same in the reductive as in the oxidative reaction. Write out the steps in your calculation;…
Question 1: ATP synthases contains 3 copies of each of the large subunits (called α and β in the E. coli enzyme). The number of c subunits can vary among different ATP synthases, ranging from 8 to 17. Part a: Briefly explain how this variation in the number of c subunits would affect the energetics of ATP synthesis. For a fixed value of the protonmotive force, how much energy can the gradient provide to drive one revolution of the ATP synthase, in a synthase with 8 c- subunits versus a synthase with 17 c-subunits?
QUESTION 9 True or False: In the presence of O2, all of the ATP made by aerobic organisms comes from oxidative phosphorylation. True False
Question 29 options: If 6 molecules of acetyl CoA were completely oxidized by the CAC, how many molecules of FADH2 would be produced?

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