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- Imagine that the economy of Germany finds itself in the following situation: the government budget has a surplus of 1 of Germanys GDP; private savings is 20 of GDP; and physical investment is 18 of GDP. Based on the national saving and investment identity, what is the current account balance? If the government budget surplus falls to zero, how will this affect the current account balance?Why does the trade balance and the current account balance track so closely together over time?If a countrys currency is expected to appreciate in value, what would you think will be the impact of expected exchange rates on yields (e.g., the Interest rate paid on government bonds) in that country? Hint: Think about how expected exchange rate changes and interest rates affect a currencys demand and supply.
- Derive the AD curve (representing medium run combinations of real exchange rate and output, where goods market is in equilibrium and r = r*) from the IS curve. Hint: think about how changes in the real exchange rate affect the IS curve. To derive the AD, map the combinations of q and y on each IS curve at r = r*. Please provide an illustration of the mapping and the deriving of the AD.Consider a fixed exchange rate regime. How does higher government expenditure affect output and interest rate in equilibrium? Discuss with the help of the diagram (e.g., show what curves will shift, label curves and axes correctly). Are your conclusions in (1) and (2) consistent with Mankiw's conclusion using the IS-LM diagram drawn in exchange rate-Output axes? Discuss.What is happening to the U.S. real exchange rate ineach of the following situations? Explain.a. The U.S. nominal exchange rate is unchanged,but prices rise faster in the United States thanabroad.b. The U.S. nominal exchange rate is unchanged, butprices rise faster abroad than in the United States.c. The U.S. nominal exchange rate declines, andprices are unchanged in the United States andabroad.d. The U.S. nominal exchange rate declines, andprices rise faster abroad than in the United States.
- QUESTION 10Suppose there are two countries that are identical in every way with the following exception. Country A is pursuing a fixed exchange rate regime and country B is pursuing a flexible exchange rate regime. Suppose government spending in both countries rises by the same amount. Given this information, we know that: the change in output in A will be greater than in B. the change in output in B will be greater than in A. the change in output will be the same in both countries. the relative output effects are ambiguous.(a) An analyst argues that exchange rate movements depend on interest rate differentials (that is, the International Fisher effect), country-specific economic policy uncertainty measures and country-specific GDP growth rates. With this in mind, the analyst estimates the following model: Expected rate of appreciation of yen against the dollar(%)= =0.5[idollar(%) – iyen(%)]+0.5[idollar(%) – iyen(%)]2+0.2[σUS(%) – σJAP(%)]+ +0.2[σUS(%) – σJAP(%)]2+0.1[GDPJAP(%) – GDPUS(%)]. In this model, idollar(%) is the one-year interest rate in the US, iyen(%) is the one-year interest rate in Japan, σUS(%) refers to economic policy uncertainty in the US, σJAP(%) refers to economic policy uncertainty in Japan, GDPUS(%) refers to annual GDP growth in the US and GDPJAP(%) refers to annual GDP growth in Japan. Assume idollar=6%, iyen=4%, σUS=5%,σJAP=1%, GDPUS=2% and GDPJAP=1%. Calculate the expected rate of appreciation of the yen against the dollar. Explain your findings in no more than 200 words.…(a) An analyst argues that exchange rate movements depend on interest rate differentials (that is, the International Fisher effect), country-specific economic policy uncertainty measures and country-specific GDP growth rates. With this in mind, the analyst estimates the following model:Expected rate of appreciation of yen against the dollar(%)= =0.5[idollar(%) – iyen(%)]+0.5[idollar(%) – iyen(%)]2+0.2[σUS(%) – σJAP(%)]++0.2[σUS(%) – σJAP(%)]2+0.1[GDPJAP(%) – GDPUS(%)].In this model, idollar(%) is the one-year interest rate in the US, iyen(%) is the one-year interest rate in Japan, σUS(%) refers to economic policy uncertainty in the US, σJAP(%) refers to economic policy uncertainty in Japan, GDPUS(%) refers toannual GDP growth in the US and GDPJAP(%) refers to annual GDP growth in Japan. Assume idollar=6%, iyen=4%, σUS=5%, σJAP=1%, GDPUS=2% and GDPJAP=1%. Calculate the expected rate of appreciation of the yen against the dollar. Explain your findings in no more than 200 words .(b) An…
- Define nominal exchange rate and real exchange rate. What are the two main types of exchange-rate systems? What explains the behavior of net exports represented by the J curve? How does real exchange rate affect net exports? Explain and give one example.C= C0 + cYD YD = Y I = I0 - br NX = N0 - n1Y + n2Yf + n3R M/P = M0 + m0Y - m1.r where AD = C + I + G0 + NX. What is the impact of M0 and G0 on the equilibrium value of R. That is, discuss the role ofmonetary policy and fiscal policy on the real exchange rate.