10. please answer this The DNA sequence shown below is for a very short gene with no introns.What is the protein sequence for the gene? The coding dictionary is shown in the figure belowthe DNA sequence.The first 5'-AUG sequence found in the mRNA is the initiation codon where protein translationstarts.coding: 5' AG TTATG GAT C G G TA CACAT GA -3'template: 3'T CA ATAC CTA G C CAT GT GTACT -5'Table 1.2First Position (5' end)UAGUUUTUUCUUAUUGCUUTCUCCUACUGAUUAUCAUAThe Genetic CodeGUUGUCGUAGUGUPhe (F)-Leu (L)2012 Pearson Education, Inc.-Leu (L)- lle (1)AUG-Met (M)Val (V)UCUUCCUCAUCGJCCUCCCCCACCG.ACUACCACAACGсGCUTGCCGCAGCGJSer (S)- Pro (P)- Thr (T)Ala (A)Second PositionUAUUAC.CAUCACUAA- stopUAG - stopCAACAGAAUAAC_AAAAAGJAGAUTGAC.GAAGAG-Tyr (Y)His (H)Gln (Q)Asn (N)- Lys (K)Asp (D)Glu (E)UGUUGCCGU TCGCCGACGGUGA - stopUGG - Trp (W)AGUAGCAGAAGG_GGUGGCGGGAGGGJCys (C)Arg (R)Ser (S)Arg (R)Gly (G)U כט » U כCAUGGUCAGThird Position (3' end) Selected answer will be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/down arrow keys to select ananswer.abсdNH₂ - Met Cys Thr -COOHNH₂ - Met Ala Arg Tyr - COOH [stop]NH₂ - Met Asp Arg Tyr Thr -COOH [stop]NH₂ - Met Cys Thr Asp Pro - COOH [stop]

The DNA inside the cells contains all the necessary information for protein production. For the…

Selected answer will be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b C d NH₂ - Met Cys Thr -COOH NH₂ - Met Ala Arg Tyr - COOH [stop] NH₂ - Met Asp Arg Tyr Thr -COOH [stop] NH₂ - Met Cys Thr Asp Pro - COOH [stop]

Selected answer will be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b C d NH₂ - Met Cys Thr -COOH NH₂ - Met Ala Arg Tyr - COOH [stop] NH₂ - Met Asp Arg Tyr Thr -COOH [stop] NH₂ - Met Cys Thr Asp Pro - COOH [stop]

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter13: Gene Expression

Section13.4: Translation

Problem 3C: A certain mRNA strand has the following nucleotide sequence: 5AUGACGUAUAACUUU3 What is the anticodon...

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Which of the following is/are not found in a bacterial mRNA molecule? (a) stop codon (b) upstream leader sequences (c) downstream trailing sequences (d) start codon (e) promoter sequences
Eukaryotic mRNA: usessnRNPs to cut out introns and seal together translatableexons. uses a spliceosome mechanism made of DNA to recognizeconsensus sequences to cut and splice. has a guanine cap on its 39 end and a poly(A) tail on its 59 end. is composed of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. codes the guanine cap and poly(A) tail from the DNAtemplate.
Given the following mRNA, write the double-stranded DNA segment that served as the template. Indicate both the 5 and the 3 ends of both DNA strands. Also write out the tRNA anticodons and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the mRNA message. DNA: mRNA: 5-CCGCAUGUUCAGUGGGCGUAAACACUGA-3 protein: tRNA:
Given the following tRNA anticodon sequence, derive the mRNA and the DNA template strand. Also, write out the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by this message. tRNA: UAC UCU CGA GGC mRNA: protein: How many hydrogen bonds would be present in the DNA segment?
Portions of eukaryotic mRNA sequence that are removed during RNA processing are . a. exons b. caps c. poly-A tails d. introns
A part of an mRNA molecule with the sequence 5-UGC GCA-3 is being translated by a ribosome. The following activated tRNA molecules are available. tRNA Anticodon Amino Acid 3-GGC-5 Proline 3-CGU-5 Alanine 3-UGC-5 Treonine 3-CCG-5 Glycine 3-ACG-5 Cysteine 3-CGC-5 Alanine Which two of them can bind correctly to the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form? a. cysteinealanine b. prolinecysteine c. glycinecysteine d. alaninealanine e. threonineglycine
Which of the following is/are typically removed from pre-mRNA during nuclear processing in eukaryotes? (a) upstream leader sequences (b) poly-A tail (c) introns (d) exons (e) all the preceding
In the gene-coding sequence shown here, which of the following events will produce a frameshift after the last mutational site? a. insertion of an A after the first codon b. deletion of the second codon (AAA) c. insertion of TA after the second codon and deletion of CG in the fourth codon d. deletion of AC in the third codon
Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, tetracycline blocks the A site on the bacterial ribosome, and chloramphenicol blocks peptidyl transfer. What specific effect would you expect each of these antibiotics to have on protein synthesis? Tetracycline would directly affect: tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chain Chloramphenicol would directly affect tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chain
The genetic code is defined as a series of _______________ in _______________. (a) anticodons; tRNA (b) codons; DNA (c) anticodons; mRNA (d) codons; mRNA (e) codons and anticodons; rRNA
A certain mRNA strand has the following nucleotide sequence: 5AUGACGUAUAACUUU3 What is the anticodon for each codon? What is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide? (Use Figure 13-5 to help answer this question.) Figure 13-5 The genetic code The genetic code specifies all possible combinations of the three bases that compose codons in mRNA. Of the 64 possible codons, 61 specify amino acids (see Figure 3-17 for an explanation of abbreviations). The codon AUG specifies the amino acid methionine and also signals the ribosome to initiate translation (start). Three codonsUAA, UGA, and UAGdo not specify amino acids; they terminate polypeptide synthesis (stop).
Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are molecules produced by microorganisms as defense mechanisms. The most effective antibiotics work by interfering with essential biochemical or reproductive processes. Many antibiotics block or disrupt one or more stages in protein synthesis. Some of these are mentioned here. Tetracyclines are a family of chemically related compounds used to treat several types of bacterial infections. Tetracyclines interfere with the initiation of translation. The tetracycline molecule attaches to the small ribosomal subunit and prevents binding of the tRNA anticodon during initiation. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are sensitive to the action of tetracycline, but this antibiotic cannot pass through the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Because tetracycline can enter bacterial cells to inhibit protein synthesis, it will stop bacterial growth, helping the immune system fight the infection. Streptomycin is used in hospitals to treat serious bacterial infections. It binds to the small ribosomal subunit but does not prevent initiation or elongation; however, it does affect the efficiency of protein synthesis. Binding of streptomycin changes the way mRNA codons interact with the tRNA. As a result, incorrect amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, producing nonfunctional proteins. In addition, streptomycin causes the ribosome to randomly fall off the mRNA, preventing the synthesis of complete proteins. Puromycin is not used clinically but has played an important role in studying the mechanism of protein synthesis in the research laboratory. The puromycin molecule is the same size and shape as a tRNA/amino acid complex. When puromycin enters the ribosome, it can be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain, stopping further synthesis because no peptide bond can be formed between puromycin and an amino acid, causing the shortened polypeptide to fall off the ribosome. Chloramphenicol was one of the first broadspectrum antibiotics introduced. Eukaryotic cells are resistant to its actions, and it was widely used to treat bacterial infections. However, its use is limited to external applications and serious infections. Chloramphenicol destroys cells in the bone marrow, the source of all blood cells. In bacteria, this antibiotic binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the formation of peptide bonds. Another antibiotic, erythromycin, also binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the movement of ribosomes along the mRNA. Almost every step of protein synthesis can be inhibited by one antibiotic or another. Work on designing new synthetic antibiotics to fight infections is based on our knowledge of how the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is converted into the amino acid sequence of a protein. Questions Why are antibiotics ineffective in treating the common cold and other virus infections?