The article “Americans are ‘Getting the Wrong Idea’on Alcohol and Health” (Associated Press, April 19, 2005)reported that observational studies in recent years thathave concluded that moderate drinking is associated with a reduction in the risk of heart disease may be mis-leading. The article refers to a study conducted by theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention that showedthat moderate drinkers, as a group, tended to be better educated, wealthier, and more active than nondrinkers. Explain why the existence of these potentially con-founding factors prevent drawing the conclusion that moderate drinking is the cause of reduced risk of heartdisease.
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The article “Americans are ‘Getting the Wrong Idea’
on Alcohol and Health” (Associated Press, April 19, 2005)
reported that observational studies in recent years that
have concluded that moderate drinking is associated
with a reduction in the risk of heart disease may be mis-
leading. The article refers to a study conducted by the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that showed
that moderate drinkers, as a group, tended to be better
educated, wealthier, and more active than nondrinkers.
Explain why the existence of these potentially con-
founding factors prevent drawing the conclusion that
moderate drinking is the cause of reduced risk of heart
disease.
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- The article "Americans are 'Getting the Wrong Idea' on Alcohol and Health"† reported that observational studies in recent years that have concluded that moderate drinking is associated with a reduction in the risk of heart disease may be misleading. The article refers to a study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that showed that moderate drinkers, as a group, tended to be better educated, wealthier, and more active than nondrinkers. Explain why the existence of these potentially confounding variables prevents drawing the conclusion that moderate drinking is the cause of reduced risk of heart disease. (Select all that apply.) Someone who is more active is more likely to avoid healthier food. Someone who is wealthier is more likely to purchase healthier food. Someone who is more active is more likely to seek out healthier food. Someone who is educated is more likely to seek out healthier food. Someone who is educated is more likely to not be aware of what…The article "Americans are 'Getting the Wrong Idea' on Alcohol and Health"† reported that observational studies in recent years that have concluded that moderate drinking is associated with a reduction in the risk of heart disease may be misleading. The article refers to a study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that showed that moderate drinkers, as a group, tended to be better educated, wealthier, and more active than nondrinkers. Explain why the existence of these potentially confounding variables prevents drawing the conclusion that moderate drinking is the cause of reduced risk of heart disease. (Select all that apply.) a. Someone who is more active is more likely to avoid healthier food. b.Someone who is more active is more likely to seek out healthier food. c. Someone who is wealthier is more likely to purchase healthier food. d.Someone who is educated is more likely to seek out healthier food. e.Someone who is educated is more likely to not be aware…Bristow, Hogg, and Johnson (2010) investigated the effects of various messages on perceptionsof potentially catastrophic events - in particular, climate change. Participants were randomlyassigned to watch either a video supporting hypotheses about humanity's role in climate change,or a video that was skeptical about our role. Next, participants were asked to rate their likelihoodof engaging in environmentally-friendly behaviors. As predicted, reported behavioral intentionsshowed differences across video message conditions (i.e., lower intentions to engage inenvironmentally-friendly behaviors in the skeptical message).If testing hypotheses about the effects of video message condition on behaviors, it would bemost appropriate to calculate a1)Independent samples t-test2)Paired- samples t-test3)One sample t-test 4)Z-test
- In a study examining the effect of humor on interpersonal attractions, McGee and Shevlin (2009) found that a man’s sense of humor had a significant effect on how he was perceived by women. In the study, female college students were given brief descriptions of a potential romantic partner and then rated the attractiveness of the male on a scale from 1 (low) to 7 (high). The fictitious male was described positively as being single, ambitious, and having good job prospects. In one condition, the description also said that he had a great sense of humor. The results showed that the description was rated significantly higher when “a sense of humor” was included. To examine this effect further, a researcher selected a sample of n = 16 college males and asked them to read a brief description of a female and then rate the attractiveness of the woman in the description. The description had been used in previous research but was modified by adding a statement describing a good sense of humor.…Since this research focuses on sleep habits in college students and its effect on mental health, we have proposed the research question to be what the prevalence of college student's mental health issues are due to poor sleeping habits.Previous research has shown that anxiety and depression can be two indicators of poor sleep habits in college students (Becker et al., 2018). As mentioned before, college students are also at risk of developing poor sleep habits because, as freshmen, they transition into a more significant workload than they are accustomed to doing. They are also given more freedom with their time. So, we predict a relationship between mental health and low amounts of sleep-in students. In contrast, the alternative outcome is that there will be no mental health problems arising as students lose sleep for long periods. Since getting good sleep allows us to function better throughout our days, we will likely see the impact bad quality and quantity of sleep will have on…Are sexually active teenagers any better informed about AIDS and other potential health problems related to sex? A 15-item test of general knowledge about sex and health was administered to random samples of teens who are sexually inactive, teens who are sexually active but only with a single partner ("going steady"), and teens who are sexually active with more than one partner. Is there any significant difference in the test scores?
- A nonprofit company concerned with the school dropout rates has designed a tutoring program aimed at students between 16 to 18 years old. A national center for educational statistics reported that the high school dropout rate for the year 2000 was 10.9%.One school district, who adopted the use of the nonprofit's tutoring program and whose dropout rate has always been very close to the national average, reported in 2004 that 158 of their 1769 students dropped out. Is their experience evidence that the tutoring program has been effective? Determine the hypotheses for this test. Choose the correct answer below A. H0: p=0.109 HA: p≠0.109 B. H0: p≠0.109 HA: p=0.109 C. H0: p=0.109 HA: p<0.109 D. H0: p=0.109 HA: p≥0.109 E. H0: p≥0.109 HA: p=0.109 F. H0: p≤0.109 HA: p=0.109 Compute the test statistic. enter your response here *______* Find the P-value. enter your response here* ______* 3. Is their experience evidence that the tutoring…Do less agreeable Facebook users tend to spend more time on Facebook? A study (Ivcevic and Ambady, 2013) aimed to investigate various facets of use of the social networking website Facebook. Previous research suggested that individuals with poorer face-to-face social skills may find internet-based social platforms less daunting, so as part of the study Ivcevic and Ambady investigated whether an individual's volume of Facebook use was associated with levels of "agreeableness". The subjects were 99 university students who all had a Facebook page. The subjects agreed to allowing the content of their Facebook pages to be downloaded on six separate occasions over a three-week period. As part of the data gathered on each subject, each of the 99 were individually rated by a selected friend on an "agreeableness" scale (based on average ratings on a questionnaire where all responses were on a Likert scale), with 1 being "low" and 5 "high". We consider here the relationship between "friend…Do less agreeable Facebook users tend to spend more time on Facebook? A study (Ivcevic and Ambady, 2013) aimed to investigate various facets of use of the social networking website Facebook. Previous research suggested that individuals with poorer face-to-face social skills may find internet-based social platforms less daunting, so as part of the study Ivcevic and Ambady investigated whether an individual's volume of Facebook use was associated with levels of "agreeableness". The subjects were 99 university students who all had a Facebook page. The subjects agreed to allowing the content of their Facebook pages to be downloaded on six separate occasions over a three-week period. As part of the data gathered on each subject, each of the 99 were individually rated by a selected friend on an "agreeableness" scale (based on average ratings on a questionnaire where all responses were on a Likert scale), with 1 being "low" and 5 "high". We consider here the relationship between "friend…
- Landolt et al. (A-26) examined rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mothers and fathers. Parents were interviewed 5 to 6 weeks after an accident or a new diagnosis of cancer or diabetes mellitus type I for their child. Twenty-eight of the 175 fathers interviewed and 43 of the 180 mothers interviewed met the criteria for current PTSD. Is there sufficient evidence for us to conclude that fathers are less likely to develop PTSD than mothers when a child is traumatized by an accident, cancer diagnosis, or diabetes diagnosis? Let alpha = 0.05The article “Well-Fed Crickets Bowl Maidens Over” (Nature Science Update, February 11, 1999) reported that female field crickets are attracted to males with high chirp rates and hypothesized that chirp rate is related to nutritional status. The usual chirp rate for male field crickets was reported to vary around a mean of 60 chirps per second. To investigate whether the chirp rate was related to nutritional status, investigators fed 27 male crickets a high protein diet for 8 days, after which chirp rate was measured. Let: The parameter μ be the mean chirp rateof male crickets on a high protein diet for 8 days. Given: The mean chirp rate for the random sample of crickets on the high protein diet was reported to be 64 chirps per second with a standard deviation of 14. Research Question: Is there convincing evidence that the mean chirp rate for crickets on a high protein diet implies an advantage in attracting the ladies? It is known that the researchers did not want to risk a…The article “Well-Fed Crickets Bowl Maidens Over” (Nature Science Update, February 11, 1999) reported that female field crickets are attracted to males with high chirp rates and hypothesized that chirp rate is related to nutritional status. The usual chirp rate for male field crickets was reported to vary around a mean of 60 chirps per second. To investigate whether the chirp rate was related to nutritional status, investigators fed 26 male crickets a high protein diet for 8 days, after which chirp rate was measured. Let: The parameter μ be the mean chirp rateof male crickets on a high protein diet for 8 days. Given: The mean chirp rate for the random sample of crickets on the high protein diet was reported to be 64.04 chirps per second with a standard deviation of 10. Research Question: Is there convincing evidence that the mean chirp rate for crickets on a high protein diet implies an advantage in attracting the ladies? It is known that the researchers did not want to…