The epinephrine signaling pathway plays a role in regulating glucose homeostasis in muscle cells. The signaling pathway is activated by the binding of epinephrine to the beta-2 adrenergic receptor. A simplified model of the epinephrine signaling pathway is represented in Figure 1. Epinephrine Plasma Membrane Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor GDP GDP G Protein GTP GTP Adenylyl Cyclase ATP Cyclic AMP Protein Kinase A -ATP ADP Phosphorylase Kinase -ATP ADP Glycogen Phosphorylase Glycogen Glucose-1-Phosphate Figure 1. A simplified model of the epinephrine signaling pathway in muscle cells Which of the following is true? O G protein binding causes a shape change in adenylyl cyclase O epinephrin binding will not result in G protein activation O GDP displaces GTP on the G protein when activated O phosphorylase kinase will not become phosphorylated Glycolysis

The epinephrine signaling pathway plays a role in regulating glucose homeostasis in muscle cells. The signaling pathway is activated by the binding of epinephrine to the beta-2 adrenergic receptor. A simplified model of the epinephrine signaling pathway is represented in Figure 1. Epinephrine Plasma Membrane Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor GDP GDP G Protein GTP GTP Adenylyl Cyclase ATP Cyclic AMP Protein Kinase A -ATP ADP Phosphorylase Kinase -ATP ADP Glycogen Phosphorylase Glycogen Glucose-1-Phosphate Figure 1. A simplified model of the epinephrine signaling pathway in muscle cells Which of the following is true? O G protein binding causes a shape change in adenylyl cyclase O epinephrin binding will not result in G protein activation O GDP displaces GTP on the G protein when activated O phosphorylase kinase will not become phosphorylated Glycolysis

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section9.4: Signaling Pathways Triggered By Internal Receptors

Problem 1SB: What distinguishes a steroid receptor from a receptor tyrosine kinase receptor or a...

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The physiological effects of epinephrine should in principle be mimicked by addition of cAMP to the target cells. In practice, addition of cAMP to intact target cells elicits only a minimal physiological response. Why? When the structurally related derivative dibutyryl cAMP (shown below) is added to intact cells, the expected physiological response is readily apparent. Explain the basis for the difference in cellular response to these two substances. Dibutyryl cAMP is widely used in studies of cAMP function.
Someone goes for a jog first thing in the morning and encounters a squadron of javelinas, causing a release of epinephrine. Some of this circulating epinephrine binds to a G-alpha-s coupled receptor (GPCR) on the surface of muscle cells. Which of the following would occur in the muscle cell as a result of this activation? Nitric oxide synthesis would increase. cyclic AMP (cAMP) activity would increase. Phospholipase C (PLC) would hydrolyze (cut) the molecule PIP2. The levels of adenylate cyclase activity would decrease. The levels of adenylate cyclase activity would decrease. Which ligand is CORRECTLY matched with its characteristic? Group of answer choices Glucagon: stimulates the activation of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway Nitric oxide (NO): must bind to its target protien withn a few seconds because NO degrades rapidly Steroid hormone: produces a response in its target cells within seconds Acetylcholine: hydrophobic molecule that binds to…
Activation of certain GPCRs triggers an intracellular signaling mechanism that involves activation of adenlyl cyclase and an increase of cAMP. Which of the following statements best describes the the events that follow such a cAMP increase? a.) The cAMP increase leads to activation of protein kinase C. b.) The cAMP increase leads to activation of the release of the gamma subunit from the GPCR. c.) The cAMP increase leads to activation of protein kinase A.
Which of the following steps amplify the epinephrine signal response in cells: receptor activation of G protein, G protein activation of adenylyl cyclase, cAMP activation of PKA, or PKA phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase (GPK)? Which change will have a greater effect on signal amplification: an increase in the number of epinephrine receptors or an increase in the number of Gαs proteins?
A hormone signals through a G protein-coupled receptor as shown in the diagram. After the production of IP3, which of these events will MOST quickly stop the transduction of the signal? A. the hydrolysis of IP3 B. the hydrolysis of GTP C. the hydrolysis of PIP2 D. the hydrolysis of the hormone I believe the answer is (B) the hydrolysisof GTP, because the G protein becomes inactive after GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP. However, the solution provided by Bartleby is (C). Please explain. Thanks
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