Tunicamycin can stimulate the UPR pathway in cells. What is the mechanism underlying how tunicamycin works in this manner?

Q: A mutation in E. coli makes the lac operator unable to bind the active repressor. How would this…

A: Lac operon is a set of three genes present in bacteria and the genes are responsible for…

Q: Describe the roles of p53 and NFAT and their nuclear import. How does the phosphorylation regulate…

A: Introduction :- A family of transcription factors known as nuclear factor of activated T cells…

Q: What is fadh2 used for?

A: FADH2 stands for Flavine adenine dinucleotide. One molecule of FADH2 yield two molecules of ATP.

Q: are positive regulators (activators) and negative regulators (repressors)?

A: Gene regulators are divided into two categories: activators and repressors, with activators…

Q: Why doesn't Cdk1 active immediately upon binding to cyclin B? What other components of the cell’s…

A: It includes cell division, replication and growth. All these processes should be carried out in a…

Q: Briefly discuss somatic hypermutation. What is the function of SH? What does SH result in? Name the…

A: Introduction:- The majority of antibodies that express germ-line sequences have a poor affinity.…

Q: What would be the expected effect of attaching an ER signal sequence to a cytosolic protein?

A: Free ribosomes in the cytosol synthesize cytosolic proteins as well as proteins intended for the…

Q: The ras protein is a mutated G protein that lacks GTPase activity. How does the absence of this…

A: G protein is a membrane protein whose target is a membrane associated adenylyl cyclase enzyme. when…

Q: What is the best inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum stress in human ?

A: Endoplasmic stress occurs when the capacity of the ER to fold proteins becomes saturated. There are…

Q: Explain why mutations in the lacI gene are trans in their effects, but mutations in the lacO gene…

A: Lac operon is defined as an operon which is required for the metabolism and transport of a lactose…

Q: What is conversion of dUDP to dTTP?

A: A nucleoside triphosphate is a molecule containing a nitrogenous base bound to a 5 carbon sugar…

Q: Which is true about cyclin B levels and/or activity?     increasing during anaphase     high…

A: Answer of the question given below...

Q: Cadherins are known to mediate homophilic interactions between cells. What is a homophilic…

A: Cadherins are types of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) these are important in the formation of adheren…

Q: What are Activator (Ac) mutations ?

A: There is a need for several proteins and enzymes in the process of transcription. It is studied…

Q: What is the relationship between SOS repair mechanism and resistance to antibiotics? Explain

A: Antibiotic resistance is developed by the transfer of the gene responsible for causing resistance to…

Q: Briefly describe how the cyclin D-cdk4/6 and cyclin E-cdk2 complexes regulate Retinoblastoma protein…

A: Retinoblastoma is the disease occurring in the retina of the eyes. This is basically eye cancer…

Q: How does the CRP mechanism contribute? Where does it come from?

A: Inflammation is a defence process carried out by the immune system in which the entry of the antigen…

Q: “Cells under mild or moderate stress can revert to normal condition” explain the mechanism behind…

A: There are different cellular responses to help restore homeostasis for different types of stress. A…

Q: What enzyme is missing in the Ahxk2 cells, and what reaction does the enzyme catalyze?

A: Wild type cells are usually considered as dominant. Here wild type cells (white) and hexokinase…

Q: The destruction of the various cyclins is commonly used to inactivate the Cdk/cyclin complexes. Why…

A: Cancer or tumor growth occurs when the cell cycle regulation mechanisms fail to stop the division of…

Q: What do we mean when we say that OC mutations in thelac system are cis-acting?

A: Introduction When a DNA gene is destroyed or altered in such a way that the genetic message carried…

Q: What is the Membrane attack complex (MAC)?

A: MAC stands for Membrane attack complex. It is also known as the terminal complement complex. MAC is…

Q: Arrestin has a mutation that prevents it from binding the GPCR receptor in the PLC pathway. How…

A: Arrestins These are also referred as Arr. These are proteins that are involved in vital signal…

Q: What are the two reactions that control densities of RGD and VEGF respectively? Draw the reactions…

A: Answer of the question given below...

Q: What is diauxic growth? Explain how catabolite repression causes diauxic growth.

A: Introduction  Growth is an important aspect of microbes as they are rapidly dividing species. On an…

Q: Why are cytosolic hsp70 chaperone proteins required for import of proteins into mitochondria and…

A: Hsp70 is a stress-induced protein needed for the health of the cell. High levels can be delivered by…

Q: ''In the cellular regulatory pathways that controlcell growth and proliferation, the products of…

A: Cell regulation involves a complex mechanism of different cell signaling pathways that work in a…

Q: What is the relationship between the rpoS gene and the SOS repair mechanism? Briefly explain.

A: In response to the severe DNA damage; many cells have the mechanism which enable them to synthesize…

Q: Why do you think that very small concentrations of BPA might have a large effect on the cell?

A: BISPHENOL A (BPA) is a small estrogenic monomer that is polymerized to produce polycarbonate plastic…

Q: What are positive regulators (activators) and negative regulators (repressors)? Describe.

A: Activators and repressors are two types of gene regulators, with activators causing positive…

Q: What are the function of inducer?

A: The inducer is a molecule that regulates gene expression.

Q: Consider the example that actin mRNA localization is important for fibroblast migration. What would…

A: it is required for cell proliferation.

Q: Is the regulation shown (denoted by?) positive or negative regulation? Explain why the type of…

A: A feedback loop is a biological process wherein the output or the final product of a system…

Q: What is the mechanism of the Contactin-BIG-1

A: Introduction Contactins Are A Subfamily Of Immunoglobulin Molecules That Are Only Found And…

Q: Describe how the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is activated in cells (name the cellular/molecular…

A: During exit from mitosis and in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the anaphase-promoting…

Q: What is the function of FAD/FADH2 in cells?

A: Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD): FAD is derived from vitamin B12. It is a two-electron oxidizing…

Q: Mutants of cyclin B that are resistant to degradation by the cyclin B protease have been generated.…

A: Mutants of cyclin B have been generated .These mutants show resistance to degradation by cyclin B…

Q: What are trans-acting factors ?

A: Answer:Introduction:Cis-acting factors is also called as cis-regulatory factors means reacting by…

Q: How, the immediate translated product is transported from cytoplasm to the ER ?

A: Translation is the process of formation of amino acids using mRNA as a template.

Q: What regulatory mechanisms ensure that end-products and/or products of alternative pathways will not…

A: All metabolic pathways of any cell are tightly regulated at many levels in Order to maintain…

Q: A quanta holds about 10,000 molecules of ACh.  How many quanta are exocytosed during a single…

A: Introduction Synaptic potential refers to the electric potential across the postsynaptic membrane…

Q: How does the interaction between allosteric and covalent modulation result?

A: Introduction: In Allosteric and covalent modulation, covalent binding molecules can potentially…

Q: How are actin-regulatory proteinscontrolled spatially in the cytoplasm togenerate multiple distinct…

A: Actin is one of the most important proteins in the cell, playing a major role in cell motility,…