''In the cellular regulatory pathways that controlcell growth and proliferation, the products of oncogenesare stimulatory components and the products of tumorsuppressor genes are inhibitory components.'' 'Is this statement true? Explain why or why not.

Q: 1) One cell-signaling pathway implicated in the regulation of cell division is the mTOR/Akt pathway.…

A: mTOR/Akt pathway involved in cell division.

Q: chaperone mediated autophagy.

A: Autophagy that is mediated by chaperone proteins is called chaperone-mediated autophagy. The…

Q: Briefly discuss the important functions of apoptosis & autophagy?

A: Apoptosis is the programmed cell death occurring in multicellular organisms. Apoptosis is very…

Q: At what checkpoint would you think that BRCA1 would normally beactive?

A: Cells undergo a cycle of preparation and division process called the cell cycle. An individual cell…

Q: Cancer-promoting mutations are likely to have different effects on the activity of proteins encoded…

A: Cancer is the unnatural and excessive proliferation of cells that becomes harmful to normal body…

Q: In tumor cells obtained from patients with Burkittlymphoma, a cancer of the immune system’s B…

A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals in the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation of…

Q: Identify the two general functions of the proteins encoded bytumor-suppressor genes.

A: Gene is the unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offsprings. Proto-oncogenes are…

Q: How interfered regulatory machinery results in production of tumor?

A: Eukaryotes have well-organized nucleus. prokaryotes are devoid of nuclear arrangements. genome…

Q: The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53. Known as the…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid, abbreviated as DNA, is a double-helix made-up of nucleic acids. Its role in…

Q: Disruption in the pathway of apoptosis & autophagy can lead to different diseases”- explain briefly

A: Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death that consists of biochemical events resulting in…

Q: What is the CDK(present or absent) of G2 checkpoint?

A: A cell cycle is a series of events that a cell passes through from the time until it reproduces its…

Q: p53 can trigger apoptosis if certain cell-cycle events fail. How does this regulatory outcome…

A: Apoptosis is the programmed cell death. Apoptosis is one of the important events in development that…

Q: Which phase are initially inhibited by Sic1.Phosphorylation marks Sic1 for ubiquitinylation by…

A: Cell division is the process, in which the cell undergoes parent cell division into daughter cells.

Q: illustrate some of the molecular mechanisms leading from loss-of-function mutations in…

A: Tumor suppressing genes also known as Anti - oncogenes are the  regulatory genes which regulates…

Q: What are the needed materials/molecules of G2 checkpoint?

A: The cell cycle is a highly regulated process. The cell cycle has many checkpoint. Main function of…

Q: RIPK3 is a key modulator of necroptosis that

A: Necroptosis- The programmed form of necrosis or inflammatory cell death is called necroptosis.…

Q: Briefly describe how the cyclin D-cdk4/6 and cyclin E-cdk2 complexes regulate Retinoblastoma protein…

A: Retinoblastoma is the disease occurring in the retina of the eyes. This is basically eye cancer…

Q: One important role of Fas and Fas ligand is to medi-ate the elimination of tumor cells by killer…

A: In multicellular organisms, cell death is mediated by two mechanisms: apoptosis and necrosis.…

Q: Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by proto-oncogeneswith those of proteins encoded by…

A: Proteins are macromolecules formed by the long chain of amino acids. They are involved in a wide…

Q: pls use ur own word Explain, the mechanism of chaperone mediated autophagy.

A: Mechanism of chaperone mediated autophagy: Autophagy regulated by chaperones is one of the lysosomal…

Q: “Cells under mild or moderate stress can revert to normal condition” explain the mechanism behind…

A: There are different cellular responses to help restore homeostasis for different types of stress. A…

Q: Suggest a mechanism by which ARF leads to p53 build-up.

A: p53 protein gets activated when there is a damage in  DNA sequence which can be induced by any other…

Q: // Which CDK and cyclin does p53 ultimately target in DNA damaged conditions? O CDK1/cyclin E O…

A: CDK phosphorylate soecific target proteins. They required cyclin to be activate. CDK-cyclin…

Q: Is the CDK present in G2 checkpoint?

A: Various checkpoints control the cell cycle..

Q: Explain why p53 is mutated in the vast majority of human cancers.

A: Any isoform of a protein encoded by homologous genes in multiple animals, such as TP53 and Trp53, is…

Q: How ion channels will specifically target the cancer cell and not the normal cells or the cells…

A: Apoptosis also known as organized cell death is a mechanism through which a cell, which is no longer…

Q: The palladin gene, which plays a role in pancreatic cancer (see theintroduction to this chapter), is…

A: A disease is an abnormal condition that negatively impacts the structure and function of an…

Q: Describe the effects of the mutation causing the p21 promoter to no longer bind p53 on cell…

A: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene but if p53 gets mutated then this protein is not able to bind to the…

Q: What role do cell check points have in cancer ?

A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with uncontrolled division of cells and invasion of…

Q: Apoptosis can be assayed in several ways. Which of the following is NOT correct? O Antibodies that…

A: Apoptosis is a process of cell death occurring in multicellular organisms which is used to remove…

Q: How does the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contribute to tumorigenesis and disease…

A: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) could be a method within which epithelial cells acquire…

Q: Can restoring tumor suppressor function, such as mutant p53 or pRb, be used to cure cancer? If…

A: The Cell division is the process through which one cell divides into two identical daughter cells.…

Q: Thousands of caspase substrateshave been identified. Which onesare the critical proteins that mustbe…

A: Introduction Apoptosis is known as programmed cell death. Whenever there are any lethal chromosomal…

Q: Explain how epigenetic changes can contribute to tumorigenesis.

A: Tumors are clumps of cells formed by uncontrollable cell division. Tumorigenesis is the uncontrolled…

Q: A tumor cannot grow to be very large without the development of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) to…

A: Cancer is the disease that causes uncontrolled division of cells. The tumor formed may be malignant…

Q: Because of oxygen and nutrient requirements, cells in a tissue must reside within 100 μm of a blood…

A: Mammalian cells require nutrients and oxygen to survive, so they are found within 100 to 200 mm of…

Q: Describe how the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is activated in cells (name the cellular/molecular…

A: During exit from mitosis and in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the anaphase-promoting…

Q: Relatively few inherited forms of cancer involve the inheritance of mutant oncogenes. Instead, most…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Q: n order for certain cancers to propagate, they require a growth factor known as Vascular Endothelial…

A: Introduction:- VEGF A chemical produced by cells that promotes the creation of new blood vessels.…

Q: Compare and contrast oncogenes versus tumor-suppressorgenes.

A: Cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can be treated by chemotherapy and…

Q: A research study indicated that an agent in cigarette smoke caused the silencing of the p53 gene,…

A: In an organism, almost all the changes that occur in gene expression that are epigenetic in nature…

Q: Which of the following describes the role typical proto-oncogenes have when they are expressed in…

A: Proto-oncogenes, although usually associated with tumors do have a very significant role to play in…

Q: Describe the genetic changes that convert proto-oncogenesinto oncogenes or inactivate…

A: Oncogenes can be defined as the genes which induce cancer in the organisms. These genes encode the…

Q: In tumor cells Rb protein is hyperphosphorylated. In response to that, will p53 level increase or…

A: Rb protein is a very powerful tumor suppressor protein it checks the cell cycle and when it's levels…

Q: Why do cancer cells undergo EMT and MET? What are the cellular changes (expression or suppression of…

A: Answer

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.