VIII6: IDENTIFY THE UNKNOWN - Fractional Distillation GroupFractional Distillation Team:(indicate team)1. Boiling Point Range of the Lowest Boiling Point Substance in the Binary Mixture:2. State the identity of the Lowest Boiling Point Substance in the Binary Mixture:3. State the identity of the Highest Boiling Point Substance in the Binary Mixture:4. State the name of your Unknown Whiskey Extracts:_Ethyl AcetateFruit, Brandy75-772-ButanoneEthereal79-812-PropanolButter81-831-Penten-3-olButter, Horseradish114-116OHОн2-PentanolOily118-120Ethyl ButyrateBanana, Pineapple119-1213-Methyl-1-butanolWhisky129-131HO.1-PentanolSweet, Vanilla136-1382-PentanoneApple101-105

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Physical Chemistry

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781133958437

Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas

Publisher:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas

Chapter7: Equilibria In Multiple-component Systems

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7.37E

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Given that a mixture of nitric acid (bp 86 °C) and water forms a maximum-boiling-point azeotrope that boils at 120.7 °C with a composition of 67.4% nitric acid to 32.6% water. Construct an approximate boiling-point-phase diagram (with % composition on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis) for this system. Include the boiling points of pure nitric acid, pure water, and the boiling point of the azeotrope on your diagram. Describe the behavior on distillation of a mixture that is 80% water and 20% nitric acid.
The Dumas tube containing the volatile liquid vapor is removed from the boiling water bath and allowed to cool to room temperature when the volatile liquid has entirely vaporized. Why is it important to ensure that the cooled Dumas tube with unknown volatile liquid vapor to equilibrate with the room temperature?
A mixture of these four liquids are separated using a fractional distillation: toluene, boiling point = 111 oC; acetone, boiling point = 56 oC; benzene, boiling point = 80 oC;and methanol, boiling point = 65 oC. Which liquid will distill off first? Toluene Benzene Methanol Acetone
You've just synthesized a new molecule and need to purify it by recrystallization. You find that it is poorly soluble in water and highly soluble in ethanol, even when cooled in ice. What solvent should work in this situation? a. water b. Recrystallization from any solvent is impossible. c. methanol d. a solvent mixture - water and ethanol
A mixture of 20 mL of isoamyl acetate (MW=130.2 g/mol and density= 0.88 g/mL) and 20 mL of methyl benzoate (MW= 136.2 g/mol and density =1.09 g/mL) is distilled. Calculate the mole percent for each component. Use these mole percents and the figure below to answer the following questions.a. What is the initial boiling point of this mixture?b. What is the composition of the vapor in equilibrium with the liquid? Is this composition the same as the composition of the initial condensate from simple distillation?c. Instead of a simple distillation, you decide to use fractional distillation. Assuming two theoretical plates, what is the composition of the first fraction collected?
1. What characteristics must a substance possess for it to be separated from a heterogeneous mixture by steam distillation? 2. Explain the role of steam in facilitating the distillation of essential oils. 3. Compare and contrast simple and steam distillation in terms of the type of mixtures separated by each technique. 4. What is/are the difference(s) between a simple distillation and steam distillation?
Assume that your compound recrystallizes equally well from benzyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. Which solvent is the better choice for recrystallization? a. Benzyl alcohol because it is miscible with water. b. Isopropyl alcohol is better because it has a much lower boiling point and is easier evaporate off c. A mixed solvent - benzyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol d. It doesn't matter which one if they work equally in the recrystallization process.
Boiling Point Elevation/Freezing Point DepressionT = m KWhere: T = T(solution) - T(pure solvent) * m = (# moles solute / Kg solvent) Kb = boiling point elevation constant. Kf = freezing point depression constant. Kb and Kf depend only on the SOLVENT. Below are some common values. Use these values for the calculations that follow. Solvent Formula Kb (°C / m) Kf (°C / m) Water H2O 0.512 -1.86 Ethanol CH3CH2OH 1.22 -1.99 Chloroform CHCl3 3.67 Benzene C6H6 2.53 -5.12 Diethyl ether CH3CH2OCH2CH3 2.02 note that ΔT as defined above will be a negative number for freezing point depression. Therefore, Kf must also be given as a negative number.
Fractional distillation of the 50:50 mixture of two miscible liquids gave the following distillation curve. What are their boiling points?
Supposed you are in a chemistry laboratory gave you a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 200 ml of heterogenous liquid mixture. This liquid mixture consists of sodium chloride, water, benzoic acid, is made by combining Mixture A and Mixture B. Mixture A (aqueous mixture): sodium chloride is dissolved in distilled water. Mixture B (organic mixture): benzoic acid, phenol and aniline is dissolved in petroleum ether (a nonpolar solvent). Your task is to separate the components of the heterogenous mixture and identify the components. What wet chemical analysis/qualitative test should be performed to detect the compounds?
A solution of 5.00 g acetic acid in 100 g benzene freezes at 3.38C. A solution of 5.00 g acetic acid in 100 g water freezes at -1.49C. Find the molecular weight of acetic acid from each of these data. What can you conclude about the state of the acetic acid molecules dissolved in each of these solvents?
a) With reference to the molecules below, explain the factors which govern the watersolubility and melting points and explain the differences in the values observedbelow.b) You are a chemical engineer working in a pharmaceutical manufacturing plant.You’ve been tasked with scaling up the synthesis of a potential drug candidate.From previous studies, you know the following information about reaction takingplace:ΔHoreaction = -112.2kJΔS = -15.26JK-1mol-1ΔG = -18.81kJ Discuss the meaning of each term/value and what this tells you aboutthe nature of the reaction. Given the above information, briefly state the impact of low/hightemperatures on the above reaction.

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