WHAT IF? Suppose that instead of the PBDG receptor, the researchers hadused a receptor specific for a sweetener that humans crave but mice ignore.How would the results of the experiment have differed?

Q: WHAT IF? If you exposed a cell to a ligand that bindsto a receptor and activates phospholipase C,…

A: Cells have proteins called as receptors that bind to the signaling molecules and initiate a…

Q: 3. Describe the overall process of signal transduction. How does this process help organisms…

A: * Signal transduction is process in which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a…

Q: MAKE CONNECTIONS How is ligand binding similarto the process of allosteric regulation of…

A: Ligands are the molecules that bind to a receptor and change the confirmation of the receptor. It…

Q: 1. What is the primary intracellular signaling factor activated during resistance exercise? What is…

A: Signaling  intercellular communication or signaling includes the signal which permits a single cell…

Q: Q1. Cyclic AMP (CAMP) and cyclic GMP (CGMP), also known as________, regulate channels involved in…

A: Second messengers are signaling molecules produced inside the cell in response to external signaling…

Q: 1. If neither Viagra or ginseng works to fix the cat's problem,  what protein(s) would you suspect…

A: The nitric oxide (NO) is produced by the endothelial cells or by the neuronal cells. This NO diffuse…

Q: 4. Would you expect this absorption function to be the same for all cell types and for all…

A: The absorbtion is the process by which the cell takes water inside it .  x = rate of absorbtion an…

Q: A DAG 10-in GPCR signaling, the cleavage of PIP2 results in IP3 and: B. CAMP C. Calcium D.…

A: Answer :- 10)Correct answer is Option C) phospholipase C 11)Correct answer is option B) Cyclic AMP…

Q: WHAT IF? The researchers needed further evidence, so they injectedbicoid mRNA into the anterior end…

A: Bicoid is a morphogen. It stimulates the development of anterior structures by binding to regulatory…

Q: Although signal transduction pathways are modeled mostly by ----------, there are some underlying…

A: Cell signaling pathways collaborate with each other to frame networks in mammalian frameworks. Such…

Q: WHAT IF? Imagine a protein that functions in the ERbut requires modification in the Golgi apparatus…

A: Protein formation is the common term for translation which is the last step of the central dogma of…

Q: MAKE CONNECTIONSPDGF signals cells by binding toa cell-surface receptor tyrosinekinase. If you added…

A: Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are cell surface receptors that are dimers. they have a…

Q: Biochemistry Question Quantitative Comparison Questions 2) A: Phospholipase C, as the Effector in an…

A: Effector molecules are small molecules which regulates the activity of other macromolecules. Thus,…

Q: WHAT IF? If a plant has the double mutation ctr andein, what is its triple-response phenotype?…

A: Mutation is defined as sudden inheritable change that occurs in the DNA sequence. Mutation occurs…

Q: WHAT IF? If you were a pharmaceutical researcher, whywould you want to learn the three-dimensional…

A: Pharmaceutical researchers want to try to treat diseases by learning how to change signalling…

Q: You are using a cell-culture model to screen for agonists that you wish to develop for the clinic.…

A: Agonists are biochemical compounds that mimic their natural counterparts and bind to a receptor…

Q: WHAT IF? Suggest possible functions of the genes whose sequenceor expression was altered as the…

A: Divergent adaptation is a process that causes the divergence of an organism from its original form…

Q: WHAT IF? Some membrane proteins diffuse faster in the plasma membrane when the cytoskeleton or the…

A: Cell membranes:  Thr diffusion across cell membranes uses integral membrane proteins to move polar…

Q: design solutions for treating COVID-19 based on your understanding of the signaling pathways

A: Virus are intracellular parasites that cause several disease in plants and animals. COVID-19 is an…

Q: 1a) Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signaling mechanism of action G protein-coupled…

A:

Q: True or false? action potensials are transduced via the dorsal root ganglion yo the spinal cord and…

A: Q.1/ The statement is true and the explanation is as follows.

Q: WHAT IF? A certain mutation in E. coli changes the lacoperator so that the active repressor cannot…

A: Step 1 Lactose Operon (Inducible Operon System) is a regulated operon system in which the structural…

Q: WHAT IF? Since the results support a role for mouse FOXP2 invocalization, you might wonder whether…

A: Genome is defined as the complete set of genes and the DNA of an organism. A genome consists of…

Q: QUESTI ON 6 Although observations and experimental results implicate nAG in salamander limb…

A: The adult salamander has limb cells that regenerate. The limb regeneration in the salamander depends…

Q: Review how the signal-recognition particle (SRP) and SRP receptor guide proteins containing an ER…

A: The signal recognition particle (SRP) is an abundant, cytosolic, uniformly preserved…

Q: 15)Which of the following is an advantage of juxtacrine signaling? It involves signal transduction.…

A: juxtacrine signaling (or contact-dependent signaling) is a close contact type of signaling in which…

Q: Q2. Why do we perform concentration-response curves ra of agonist and testing it against a single…

A: Concentration response curve basically shows strength. Now agonist induce drug binding to target…

Q: Montreal protocol aims at what?

A: Montreal protocol is an international initiative for ozone depletion. The treaty was signed in 1987…

Q: . MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules thatactivate the vertebrate TLR signal transduction…

A: Ligands are molecules present in extra-cellular matrix that are used in transferring signals.…

Q: Explain the signaling steps that take place after the EGF receptor is dimerized, up to the poiunt…

A: As per our company guideline we are supposed to answer only first question or only first 3 subparts…

Q: WHAT IF? Suppose you compared the nucleotidesequences of the distal control elements in the…

A: The DNA sequences that are known to bound by the activators in order to increase the probability of…

Q: WHAT IF? If you measured ADH levels in patients with ADH receptormutations and in patients with…

A: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) or vasopressin is a peptidyl hormone, which helps to regulate the water…

Q: WHAT IF? If epinephrine were mixed with glycogenphosphorylase and glycogen in a cell-free mixture in…

A: Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is a crucial enzyme as it catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycogen to…

Q: es or no?   during in situ hybridization for signal development the beta galactosidase is used.

A: In situ hybridization technique used for detection of mRNA or DNA sequences in samples or tissues.

Q: 1. What is one advantage of signal transduction being a pathway (several steps)?

A: Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is sent across the cell as…

Q: WHAT IF? What would happen if a mutationin protein kinase 2 made it incapable of…

A: Phosphorylation of protein is of utmost importance in cellular regulatory mechanisms as a variety of…

Q: WHAT IF? What would happen if a molecule that inactivatedphosphodiesterase were introduced into the…

A: Phosphodiesterases are a superfamily of enzymes that regulate intracellular signaling through…

Q: WHAT IF? If two cells have different scaffolding proteins,explain how they might behave differently…

A: Scaffold proteins are modular proteins that assemble multimolecular complexes or macromolecular…

Q: WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell madedefective receptor tyrosine kinase proteins that…

A: Receptor tyrosine kinases are the cell-surface receptors that are involved in cell signaling and for…

Q: WHAT IF? In Figure 18.17b, the lower cell is synthesizingsignaling molecules, whereas the upper cell…

A: Cytoplasmic determinants are crucial during the embryo development.

Q: Q How can quorum sensing be considered a regulatorymechanism for conserving cell resources?

A: Quorum sensing (QS) is the bacterial communication system that uses ‘inducers’ as the signalling…

Q: WHAT IF? Some human diseases are associated withmalfunctioning protein phosphatases. How would…

A: Protein phosphatases are the enzymes that are involved in removing phosphate group from the…

Q: WHAT IF? What would happen if a mutation in the myoD gene resulted in the production of an…

A: MyoD is a myoblast determination protein which belongs to the family of myogenic regulatory factors.…

Q: Much of what we know about cellsignaling comes from biochemicalstudies of isolated proteins in…

A: A cell is a small, membrane-bound organism that contains all of the chemicals and molecules…

Q: WHAT IF? Suppose the experiment had shown that class I mutants could grow only in MM supplementedby…

A: Introduction: Central dogma is the process in which DNA replicates to give rise to daughter DNA.…

Q: . WHAT IF? Suppose a cell’s membrane potential shiftsfrom -70 mV to -50 mV. What changes in the…

A: The membrane potential is the difference between the electric charges present across a plasma…