Which of the following is incorrect about the drugs called statins? O a. None; all the other choices are correct O b. They are competitive inhibitors of the regulatory enzyme of cholesterol synthesis O c. They have a bulky group that mimics CoA Od. They have an HMG-like group
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- With appropriate chemical structures, explain the mechanism (mode-of-action) of fluoroacetate poisoning? Example: Step 1: Fluoroacetate is converted to Product “A”. This reaction is catalyzed by Enzyme __________________________ Structures of fluoroacetate and the product “A”. Name of Enzyme. Step 2: Product “A” from Step 1 is converted to Product “B.” Catalyzed by enzyme 2. Structure of Product B and name of Enzyme 2. etc.Which of the following is a true statement regarding sphingolipid synthesis? (A) The first step in sphingolipid synthesis is the condensation of palmitoyl CoA with aspartate to form b-ketosphinganine.(B) This process requires the reduction of a ketone that uses NADH as the reducing agent.(C) A fatty acid is attached to dihydrosphingosine to form dihydroceramide. (D) FAD is using as an oxidizing agent to remove a double bond from dihydroceramide.(E) The formation of sphingomyelin requires the attachment of a glucose or galactose molecule to ceramide.There are parts A-C for this picture included. A) What type of enzyme is Malate Dehydrogenase? choices: Hydrolase, Isomerase, Ligase, Oxideoreductase, Transferase, or Translocase B) Which of the following statements are true in biochemical standard conditions? There can be more than 1. Choices: The reaction is spontaneous since ∆G°' is positive The reaction is spontaneous since ∆G°' is negative The reaction is not spontaneous since ∆G°' is positive The reaction is not spontaneous since ∆G°' is positive The equilibrium favors products since K is greater than 1 The equilibrium favors reactants since K is greater than 1 The equilibrium favors products since K is less than 1 The equilibrium favors reactants since K is less than 1 The reaction is always at equilibrium C) If the concentration of Oxaloacetate is 10^7 times lower than the concentration of Malate D.,Is the reaction Spontanuous? Choices: No, because RTInQ is very positive Yes, because RTlnQ is very…
- Ethylene glycol (HO−CH2−CH2−OH) is a major component of antifreeze. In the body, it is first converted to HOOC−CHO (oxoethanoic acid) and then to HOOC−COOH (oxalic acid), which is toxic. What class of enzyme catalyzes both of the reactions of ethylene glycol? The treatment for the ingestion of ethylene glycol is an intravenous solution of ethanol. How might this help prevent toxic levels of oxalic acid in the body?You are investigating inhibitors of chymotrypsin, and the two molecules shown on the right (A&B) are being considered. Draw a Lineweaver-Burke plot showing the expected effect of each of these molecules on normal chymotrypsin kinetics. Indicate which molecule you would pick as the better inhibitor. You want to improve the inhibitor you selected above. Briefly describe one key change you could make to your molecule to make it a better inhibitor. Justify your answer.Which of the following is false about chymotrypsin? A Hydrolytic cleavage of a peptide bond by chymotrypsin involves two nucleophilic attacks to the substrate B It is activated in the presence of trypsin C It is synthesized in the thyroid gland D Polypeptide chains in chymotrypsin are linked by S-S bonds
- The peptide bond on the C=O side of bulky hydrophobic residues is cleaved by a) Trypsin b) RNase H c) succinate dehydrogenase d) chymotrypsin e) Factor VIII ( explanation not needed) thank youThe oxyanion hole is comprised of hydrogen bonding atoms that project into a space on the active site that will have all H-bonding potential satisfied only during the catalytic cycle of the reaction. True or False? The catalytic triad residues are all next to each other in the primary sequence of trypsin. True or False?In 2-page worth of words (around 500), discuss in depth the risks and hazards of CYCLAMATE in the body. What will be the reactions and the harmful products and their effects? Why is this a concern?
- Allosteric inhibitors can affect enzymes in two ways: by blocking the active site or by changing the shape of the active site. True or falseIf D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (DGAP) is dissolved in water, 96% of it will form dihydroxy- acetonephosphate (DHAP). Which of the following will triose phosphate isomerase do? a)Shift the balance to 100% DHAP b)Shift the balance to 0% DHAP c)Catalyze the peptide bond breaking d)Make the reaction fasterEnalapril is an anti-hypertension “pro-drug” (i.e., a drug precursor) that isinactive until the ethyl ester (arrow in figure) is hydrolyzed by esterases present in blood plasma. The active drug is the dicarboxylic acid (“enalaprilat”) that results from this hydrolysis reaction.(a) Enalapril is administered in pill form, but enalaprilat must be administered intravenously. Why do you suppose enalapril works as a pill but enalaprilat does not? (b) Enalaprilat is a competitive inhibitor of the angiotensin-convertingenzyme (ACE), which cleaves the blood-pressure regulating peptideangiotensin I. ACE has a KM = 52 μM for angiotensin I, which is presentin plasma at a concentration of 75 μM. When enalaprilat is presentat 2.4 nM, the activity of ACE in plasma is 10% of its uninhibitedactivity. What is the value of K1 for enalaprilat?