Which of the following is true about hyaluronidase? O a. It promotes blood clotting. O b. It is an example of an adhesin. OC. It acts as a spreading factor. O d. It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens.
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- How do lactoferrins inhibit pathogen growth? Group of answer choices A. Lactoferrins are used by phagocytic cells to digest pathogens once they have been ingested by the phagocytes. B. Lactoferrins bind to pathogens and are secreted during urination. C. These molecules bind iron, which is important for microbial growth. D. These molecules cut the bonds holding NAG and NAM together in bacterial cell walls, causing the bacteria to lyse.What is the primary role of the B-vtiamins? A. Involved in red blood cell production B. Assist immune function C. Maintian acid-base balance D. Act as conenzymes for energy metabolismExplain the actions of each of the following that make them virulencefactors:a. hemolysins b. leukocidin c. kinases d. hyaluronidase e. coagulase
- The enzyme useful in the treatment of leukemia is which of the following? a. alpha-chymotrypsin b. Asparaginase c. Streptokinase d. HyaluronidaseA) Why is it a problem that distilled water was used, instead of the saline drip? B) What happened to the patient's red blood cells after the IV with distilled water was used? C) What connection does this have to the patient's O2 levels? (Hint: think about why red blood cells are important) D) Why is a saline drip of 0.9% concentration normally used? E)What type of solution is this concentration, compared to the red blood cells? F) If this was really you, what would your next step be? How could you save this patient? G) On a practical note, can you drink too much water?Which factor binds to the C3 convertase to form the C5 convertase for all three pathways A. C3a B. C3b C. C5a D. C5b E. C6
- A patient with a liver dysfunction has shown extremely high levels of bilirubin. Which of the following enzymes could be up regulated? A. Biliverdin reductase B. Heme oxygenase C. Biliverdin hydrogenase D. Glucoronyl bilirubin transferaseTherapeutic agents are currently being investigated that block the action of selectins in order to prevent the pathological effects resulting from leukocyte entry into sites of inflammation. These agents are molecules that inhibit selectin. Describe molecules that might be effective. (Information: Glycoproteins are an important class of proteins. There are many families of glycoproteins: lectins and selectins are examples.)Which one has no effect on lowering hyperammonemia? A) arginine, citrulline B) sodium benzoate C) lactulose D) phenyl lactate
- What is the main function of anti-oxidant compounds? Select one: a. They donate hydrogen ions to free radicals b. They aid in metabolism by stripping electrons from carbohydrates and fatty acids c. They help reduce concentration of HDL in the blood d. They interfere with function of lipoprotein lipaseResearchers tend to favor small lipophilic molecules when designing new therapeutic drugs. Which of the following provides sound rationale for this approach? small lipophilic molecules form hydrogen bonds with water so they can be carried across membranes as water diffuses. small lipophillic molecules can easily cross membranes and enter the body small lipophilic molecules are substrates for transporters small lipophilic molecules are charged and can easily cross membranes and enter the bodyAll of the following are characteristics of defensins except: A. There are two classes of defensins B. They require high ionic strength to become active C. They have low variability and are highly conserved D. They have broad antimicrobial properties E. They lead to ionic burst