Which statement is NOT correct for an azeotropic mixture of two volatile liquids? O a. These two liquids can be fully separated by fractional distillation O b. At the azeotropic ratio, the composition of the liquid is the same as the composition of the vapor above the liquid O c. Azeotropic composition refers to a specific ratio of the two components O d. Propanol and water can form an azeotropic mixture O e. All answers are correct

Which statement is NOT correct for an azeotropic mixture of two volatile liquids? O a. These two liquids can be fully separated by fractional distillation O b. At the azeotropic ratio, the composition of the liquid is the same as the composition of the vapor above the liquid O c. Azeotropic composition refers to a specific ratio of the two components O d. Propanol and water can form an azeotropic mixture O e. All answers are correct

Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305577190

Author:Kenneth L. Williamson, Katherine M. Masters

Publisher:Kenneth L. Williamson, Katherine M. Masters

Chapter5: Distillation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4Q

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Which statement is NOT correct for an azeotropic mixture of two volatile liquids? a.Azeotropic composition refers to a specific ratio of the two components b.These two liquids can be fully separated by fractional distillation c.All answers are correct d.At the azeotropic ratio, the composition of the liquid is the same as the composition of the vapor above the liquid e.Propanol and water can form an azeotropic mixture
Describe the changes you will observe by increasing the temperature of the triethylamine / water mixture in point a in the drawing below to point a ''. How the relative number of separate phases changes triethylamine and water along this path? How do you calculate the relative amount of separate phases of triethylamine and water at point a ’’? Explain exactly how the calculation is done. Please make the solution as simple and understandable as possible.
1. What characteristics must a substance possess for it to be separated from a heterogeneous mixture by steam distillation? 2. Explain the role of steam in facilitating the distillation of essential oils. 3. Compare and contrast simple and steam distillation in terms of the type of mixtures separated by each technique. 4. What is/are the difference(s) between a simple distillation and steam distillation?
A solution of 5.00 g acetic acid in 100 g benzene freezes at 3.380C. A solution of 5.00 g acetic acid in 100 g water freezes at -1.490C. Find the molecular weight of acetic acid from each of these data. What can you conclude about the state of the acetic acid molecules dissolved in each of these solvents?
Given that a mixture of nitric acid (bp 86 °C) and water forms a maximum-boiling-point azeotrope that boils at 120.7 °C with a composition of 67.4% nitric acid to 32.6% water. Construct an approximate boiling-point-phase diagram (with % composition on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis) for this system. Include the boiling points of pure nitric acid, pure water, and the boiling point of the azeotrope on your diagram. Describe the behavior on distillation of a mixture that is 80% water and 20% nitric acid.
explain why the boiling point of a two component mixture rises slowly throughout a simple distillation when the boiling-point differences are not larger
Sodium chloride (NaCl) was isolated from SiO2 and CaCO3 by dissolving it in distilled water. Unmentioned is that CaCO3 is slightly soluble in water (0.001 g/100 mL). Describe the effect this fact will have on each component of the mixture: will the “isolated“ mass of each be greater than, equal to, or less than that in the sample?
3. The phase diagram for the simple system aluminum copper is drawnbelow. Answer the following questions by referring to this diagram.A. How many phases will be present if an aluminum-copper mixture containing 80% copper is heated to 1000oC?B. If the system described in (A) is slowly cooled, at what temperature willa solid start to appear? What is this solid?C. What phases will be present if the mixture (A) is further cooled down to600oC?D. What is the concentration of the saturated solution of copper inaluminum at 800oC?E. For a mixture given in (A), at what temperature will the eutectic mixturecrystallize out?F. What is the percentage by weight of copper in the eutectic mixture formed in (E)?
A solution of cyclohexane-toluene mixture was distilling at 88 oC. The analysis of a sample of the distilled liquid and a sample of vapor at that temperature indicate that 60% of the liquid and 77% of the vapor is cyclohexane. Calculate mole fractions of each compound in the solution and in the vapor.
A mixture of 20 mL of isoamyl acetate (MW=130.2 g/mol and density= 0.88 g/mL) and 20 mL of methyl benzoate (MW= 136.2 g/mol and density =1.09 g/mL) is distilled. Calculate the mole percent for each component. Use these mole percents and the figure below to answer the following questions.a. What is the initial boiling point of this mixture?b. What is the composition of the vapor in equilibrium with the liquid? Is this composition the same as the composition of the initial condensate from simple distillation?c. Instead of a simple distillation, you decide to use fractional distillation. Assuming two theoretical plates, what is the composition of the first fraction collected?
7.A student carried out a fractional distillation of an unknown binary (2-component) mixture from a 50 mL pot solution. Based on the plot below, and assuming no azeotropes, what percent by volume was the solution in the lower boiling point component?
In a lab test, a student in CHEM 2102 was provided with a solution of compound B (0.16 mol of B was dissolved in 100.0 mL of solvent A, the density of solvent A was 1.20 g/mL). He observed that the boiling point of the solution is 201.0 C. The students search for the molal boiling point elevation constant of the compound B and he found it to be 0.15 C. Kg/mol. Interestingly, while he was searching he found the heat of vaporization of the solvent A is 5.5 KJ/mol. Can the student use the given information to find SSurr for boiling process of solvent A. If yes, calculate the numerical value. Explain your answer.