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- Which statements are true for molecular exclusion chromatography?I Molecular exclusion chromatography separates on the basis of size.II Small molecules can fit in the pores of the stationary phase and effectively pass through a larger volume, and elute last.III The pores in the stationary phase are too small for large molecules to pass through, so large molecules elute first.IV Molecular exclusion chromatography with a hydrophilic stationary phase and an aqueous solvent is called gel permeation chromatography. A. I, II, III B. III and IV C. II only D. I and II only E. I, III, and IVWhich statements are true for molecular exclusion chromatography?I Molecular exclusion chromatography separates on the basis of size.II Small molecules that freely pass through the stationary phase, Kav = 0.III Small molecules can fit in the pores of the stationary phase and effectively pass through a larger volume, and elute last.IV The pores in the stationary phase are too small for large molecules to pass through, so large molecules elute last.V Molecular exclusion chromatography with a hydrophilic stationary phase and an aqueous solvent is called gel permeation chromatography. A. II and V B. I, II, and IV C. III, IV, and V D. No correct combinations given above E. I, III, and IV F. I, II, III, and VChemistry Briefly describe the differences between the scanning and SIM approaches with reference to your data. Discuss how and why your scanning (TIC) and SIM (mass chromatograms look different. Pay particular attention to selectivity of compounds detected and signal-to-noise. What are some advantages of SIM? What are some disadvantages?
- Compare and contrast the amount of caffeine obtained from the single vs multipleextractions with Red Bull and Coca-Cola beverages. Explain why this has occured. Single Extractions: TEST SOLUTION NAME ABSORBANCE READING [CAFFEINE]mg/100ml 5ml Red Bull 2.412 57.9mg/100ml 5ml Coca-Cola 0.716 16.2mg/100ml Multiple Extractions: TEST SOLUTION NAME ABSORBANCE READING [CAFFEINE]mg/100ml 10ml Red Bull 3.253 78.453mg/100ml 10ml Coca-Cola 0.785 17.844mg/100mlDescribe one alternative column other than a C18 for caffeine detection in terms of stationary phaseThin‑layer chromatography (TLC) can be used as a preliminary identification method for many amphetamine‑type stimulants (ATS). Using a 0.25 mm thick silica gel stationary phase and a 98.5:1.5 methanol:concentrated ammonia mobile phase, a spot was observed to have traveled 3.52 cm when the solvent front traveled 8.81 cm. What is the retardation factor (?F)for the compound that composes this spot?
- Two group of students wish to analyse caffeine content in tea samples. Group 1 performed the analysis using thin layer chromatography. Group 2 wish to conduct the analysis using analytical instrumentation. Suggest a possible analytical instrument method for Group 2.Briefly explain the procedural steps before instrumentation. List another two applications of this instrument.1) The solvent mixture used in a Paper Chromatography of Metal Ions experiment is a mixture of what two chemicals. 2) Expalin the following terms: Retaintion factor, stationary phase, chromatogrhic mobility elution, detection limit, and resolution. 3) Which of the chemicales used in Paper Chromatography of Metal Ions experiment have hazards associated with them? What are the hazards? Expalin why the ammonia chamber and aueous calcuim sulfide must be kept in faume hood at all times?In ion-exclusion chromatography, ions are separated from nonelectrolytes (uncharged molecules) by an ion-exchange column. Nonelectrolytes penetrate the stationary phase, whereas ions with charge of the same sign as that of the stationary phase are repelled by the stationary phase. Because electrolytes have access to less of the column volume, they are eluted before nonelectrolytes. A mixture of trichloroacetic acid (TCA, pKa 5 20.5), dichloroacetic acid (DCA, pKa 5 1.1), and monochloroacetic acid (MCA, pKa 5 2.86) was separated by passage through a cation-exchange resin eluted with 0.01 M HCl. The order of elution was TCA , DCA , MCA. Explain why the three acids are separated and the order of elution.
- A student places an unknown sample on a thin-layer chromatography plate and develops it in dichloromethane as a solvent. Only one spot whose Rf is 0.98 is observed. Does this result indicate that the unknown material is a pure compound? If not a pure compound, suggest an alternate procedure to verify the purity of the sample.A method for the analysis of Ca2+ in water suffers from an interference in the presence of Zn2+. When the concentration of Ca2+ is 100 times greater than that of Zn2+, an analysis for Ca2+ gives a relative error of +0.5%. What is the selectivity coefficient for this method?Gradient elution used in HPLC. How is the gradient created for a reverse-phase HPLC experiment over the course of the run? A)Increase the pH of the mobile phase. B)Decrease the pH of the mobile phase. C)Increase the vapor pressure of the analytes by increasing the temperature. D)Increase mobile phase polarity by increasing the fraction of polar solvent in a binary mobile phase. E)Decrease mobile phase polarity by mixing with a less polar solvent to better compete with the nonpolar stationaryphase. Plz explain properly why statement is not correct