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All Textbook Solutions for Physics Laboratory Manual
State the number of significant figures in each of the following numbers and explain your answer. (a) 37.60 _____ (b) 0.0130 _____ (c) 13000 _____ (d) 1.3400 _____Perform the indicated operations to the correct number of significant figures using the rules for significant figures. (a) 37.801.23_ (b) 6.78.975 (c) 3.765+1.2+37.21_State how one determines the accuracy of a measurement. Apply your idea to the measurements of the three students above and state which of the students has the most accurate measurement. Why is that your conclusion?Apply Equations 1, 2, and 3 to calculate the mean, standard deviation, and standard error for Abes measurements of length. Confirm that your calculated values are the same as those in the table. Show your calculations explicitly.State the characteristics of data that indicate a systematic error. Do any of the three students have data that suggest the possibility of a systematic error? If so, state which student it is, and state how the data indicate your conclusion.Which student has the best measurement considering both accuracy and precision? what the characteristics are of the students data on which your answer is based.1PLAFigure 2-4 shows a vernier caliper scale set to a particular reading. What is the reading of the scale? Reading =_________ cmThe caliper in Figure 2-5 has its jaws closed. If the caliper has a zero error, what is its value? Is it positive or negative? Error = _____cmA series of four measurements of the mass, length, and diameter of a cylinder are made. The results of these measurements are: Mass20.6, 20.5, 20.6, and 20.4 grams Length2.68, 2.67, 2.65, and 2.69 cm Diameter1.07, 1.05, 1.06, and 1.05 cm Find the mean, standard deviation, and standard error for each of the measured quantities and tabulate them below. Keep only one significant figure in each standard error and then keep decimal places in the mean to coincide with the standard error. M= n1= M= L= n1= L= d= n1= d= Calculate the density and the standard error of the density using Equations 3 and 4. Keep only one significant figure in the standard error and then keep decimal places in the density to coincide with the standard error. = _________ = ________5PLAScalars are physical quantities that can be completely specified by their __________.A vector quantity is one that has both __________ and __________.Classify each of the following physical quantities as a vector or a scalar: (a) Volume _____ (b) Force _____ (c) Density _____ (d) Velocity _____ (e) Acceleration _____If F1 stands for a force vector of magnitude 30.0 N and F2 stands for a force vector of magnitude 40.0 N acting in the directions shown in Figure 3-6, what are the magnitude and direction of the resultant obtained by the vector addition of these two vectors using the analytical method? Show your work.What is the equilibrant force that would be needed to compensate for the resultant force of the vectors F1 and F2 that you calculated in Question 4? Magnitude = _____N Direction (relative to x axis) = _____degreesFigure 3-6 has been constructed to scale with 1.00 cm = 10.0 N. Use the parallelogram graphical method to construct (on Figure 3-6) the resultant vector FR for the addition of F1 and F2. Measure the length of the resultant vector and record it below. State the force represented by this length. Measure with a protractor the angle that the resultant makes with the x axis. Resultant vector length = _____cm Force represented by this length = _____N Direction of resultant relative to x axis = _____degreesUse the polygon method of vector addition to construct on the axes below a graphical solution to the problem in Figure 3-6. Use the scale 1.00 cm = 10.0 N. Resultant vector length = _____cm Force represented by this length = _____N Direction of resultant relative to x axis = _____degreesThese pictures show a cart that is moving at constant velocity. (a)(b)(c)(d)These pictures show a cart that has a positive acceleration. (a)(b)(c)These pictures show a cart that travels at a constant velocity and then has a positive acceleration. (a)(b)(c)(d)These pictures show a cart that has a negative acceleration. (a)(b)(c)(d)5PLAHow far does the cart in Question 5 travel in 4.00 seconds? Calculate the distance x in two ways, first using Equation 3 and then using Equation 4. Show your work.An air track like the one shown in Figure 4-2 has a block with a height h = 12.0 cm under one support. The other support is 3.50 m away. What is the angle of inclination ? According to Equation 5, the component of acceleration parallel to the track is a = g sin , where g = 9.80 m/s2. For this value of what is a? Show your work.These pictures show a cart that is moving at constant velocity. (a) (b) (c) (d) The carts pictured above are all moving in a straight line to the right. The pictures were taken 1.00 s apart.These pictures show a cart that has a positive acceleration. (a) (b) (c) (d) The carts pictured above are all moving in a straight line to the right. The pictures were taken 1.00 s apart.These pictures show a cart that travels at a constant velocity and then has a positive acceleration. (a) (b) (c) (d) The carts pictured above are all moving in a straight line to the right. The pictures were taken 1.00 s apart.These pictures show a cart that has a negative acceleration. (a) (b) (c) (d) The carts pictured above are all moving in a straight line to the right. The pictures were taken 1.00 s apart.5PLAIn the laboratory you are instructed to release the cart from rest for each angle. If the cart were released with a small initial velocity, would it introduce any error in the data? Explain why it would or would not affect the results.If a cart is released from rest on a frictionless inclined plane with an angle of inclination of 6.00, what is the velocity of the cart 0.125 s later? Show your work.1PLA2PLA3PLA4PLA5PLA6PLA7PLA8PLA9PLAAssume that the projectile motion shown in Figure 6-1 is ideal with no friction. For that assumption, choose the correct statements about the motion in 1 and 2 below. 1. (a) The value of x is always positive and decreases very slightly with time. (b) The value of x changes from positive to negative with time. (c) The value of x is always negative and increases very slightly with time. (d) The value of x is always positive and is constant with time. (e) The value of x changes from negative to positive with time. Figure 6-1 Two-dimensional motion with acceleration in the negative y direction.Assume that the projectile motion shown in Figure 6-1 is ideal with no friction. For that assumption, choose the correct statements about the motion in 1 and 2 below. 2. (a) The value of y is always positive and decreases very slightly with time. (b) The value of y changes from positive to negative with time. (c) The value of y is always negative and increases very slightly with time. (d) The value of y is always positive and is constant with time. (e) The value of y changes from negative to positive with time. Figure 6-1 Two-dimensional motion with acceleration in the negative y direction.Assume now for the projectile motion shown in Figure 6-1 that there is a very small frictional force acting on the puck. For that assumption, choose the correct statements about the motion in 3 and 4 below. 3. (a) The value of x is always positive and decreases very slightly with time. (b) The value of x changes from positive to negative with time. (c) The value of x is always negative and increases very slightly with time. (d) The value of x is always positive and is constant with time. (e) The value of x changes from negative to positive with time. Figure 6-1 Two-dimensional motion with acceleration in the negative y direction.Assume now for the projectile motion shown in Figure 6-1 that there is a very small frictional force acting on the puck. For that assumption, choose the correct statements about the motion in 3 and 4 below. 4. (a) The value of ax is zero. (b) The value of ax is very small and negative. (c) The value of ax is very small and positive. (d) The value of ax changes from positive to negative. (e) The value of ax changes from negative to positive. Figure 6-1 Two-dimensional motion with acceleration in the negative y direction.5PLA6PLA7PLAFor kinetic friction the direction of the frictional force on a given object is always opposite the direction of that objects motion. (a) true (b) falseThe two coefficients of friction discussed in this laboratory are static (s) and kinetic (k). Describe the conditions under which each kind is appropriate. Generally, which of the two is larger?Suppose a block of mass 25.0 kg rests on a horizontal plane, and the coefficient of static friction between the surfaces is 0.220. (a) What is the maximum possible static frictional force that could act on the block? _______N (b) What is the actual static frictional force that acts on the block if an external force of 25.0 N acts horizontally on the block? _______N Assume g = 9.80 m/s2. Show your work and explain both answers.To measure the coefficient of kinetic friction by sliding a block down an inclined plane the block must be in equilibrium. What experimental condition must you try to accomplish that will assure you that the block is in equilibrium?A 5.00 kg block rests on a horizontal plane. A force of 10.0 N applied horizontally causes the block to move horizontally at constant velocity. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the plane? Assume g = 9.80 m/s2. Show your work.Both types of coefficient of friction are dimensionless. Why is this true?For either type of coefficient of friction, what is generally assumed about the dependence of the value of the coefficient on the area of contact between the two surfaces?1PLAStatic friction is (a) always less than the applied force. (b) always greater than the applied force. (c) less than the applied force up to some maximum force. (d) equal to the applied force up to some maximum force.The two coefficients of friction discussed in this laboratory are static (s) and kinetic (k). Describe the conditions under which each kind is appropriate. Generally, which of the two is larger?Suppose a block of mass 25.0 kg rests on a horizontal plane, and the coefficient of static friction between the surfaces is 0.220. (a) What is the maximum possible static frictional force that could act on the block? ______N (b) What is the actual static frictional force that acts on the block if an external force of 25.0 N acts horizontally on the block? ______N Assume g = 9.80 m/s2. Show your work and explain both answers.For the laboratory measurement of the static coefficient of friction the maximum value of the force measured by the force sensor is taken to be the value of fs the frictional force. Describe why the maximum value of the force is the correct measurement.6PLA7PLAFor either type of coefficient of friction, what is generally assumed about the dependence of the value of the coefficient on the area of contact between the two surfaces?1PLAIn Figures 8-1 and 8-2, what are the two forces acting on mass m1 that must be considered in determining the acceleration of the mass? Why dont the other forces have to be considered?Suppose that a 0.450 kg puck (m1) is attached to a 0.0400 kg mass (m2) as shown in Figure 8-1. A constant frictional force f = 0.100 N acts on the puck. Solve Equation 4 for the acceleration a. Show your work. Figure 8-1 Force applied to mass m1 by weight of mass m2.What is the weight (in N) of a mass of 0.050 kg? Show your work.Calculate the displacement x during each time interval and record each of them in the table above. Calculate the instantaneous velocity at the center of each time interval and record each of them in the table above. Show sample calculations. The following data for coordinate position x versus time t were taken for a puck that is uniformly accelerated.For the data in the table above perform a linear least squares fit with as the vertical axis and t as the horizontal axis. Record the slope of this fit as the acceleration a of the puck. Record the intercept of the fit as the initial velocity o. (This is the calculation that you will do five times in the laboratory.) a = _______ m/s2 o = _______ m/s The following data for coordinate position x versus time t were taken for a puck that is uniformly accelerated.A net force of 3.50 N acts on a 2.75 kg object. What is the acceleration of the object? Show your work.Describe the basic concept of the Atwoods machine. What is the net applied force? What is the mass to which this net force is applied? Show your work.An Atwoods machine consists of a 1.060 kg mass and a 1.000 kg mass connected by a string over a massless and frictionless pulley. Use Equation 3 to find the acceleration of the system. Assume that g is 9.80 m/s2. Show your work.Suppose that the system in Question 3 has a frictional force of 0.056 N. Use Equation 4 to determine the acceleration of the system. Show your work.The following data were taken with an Atwood's machine for which the total mass m1 + m2 was kept constant. For each of the values of mass difference (m2 m1) shown in the table, the time for the system to move x = 1.000 m was determined. From the data above for x and time t, use Equation 6 to calculate the acceleration for each of the applied forces and record them in the table above. Show the calculation for the 0.010 kg mass difference as a sample calculation.The following data were taken with an Atwood's machine for which the total mass m1 + m2 was kept constant. For each of the values of mass difference (m2 m1) shown in the table, the time for the system to move x = 1.000 m was determined. From the mass differences (m2 m1) calculate the applied forces (m2 m1)g and record them in the table above. Use a value of 9.80 m/s2 for g. Show the calculation for the 0.010 kg mass difference as a sample calculation.The following data were taken with an Atwoods machine for which the total mass m1 + m2 was kept constant. For each of the values of mass difference (m2 m1) shown in the table, the time for the system to move x = 1.000 m was determined. Perform a linear least squares fit with the applied force as the vertical axis and the acceleration as the horizontal axis. The slope of the fit is equal to the total mass (m1 + m2)exp and the intercept is the frictional force f. Record those and the value of the correlation coefficient r. (This is the calculation that will be performed for the data of the laboratory.) (m1 + m2)exp = ___ kg f = ____, N r = ____State a definition of torque and give an equation for torque. Define the terms in the equation.What are the conditions for equilibrium of a rigid body? State in words and equation form and define the terms of the equations.Figure 10-4 Meter stick with two forces F1 and F2 acting at points shown. For the meter stick shown in Figure 10-4, the force F1 10.0 N acts at 10.0cm. What is the magnitude of the torque due to F1 about an axis through point A perpendicular to the page? Is it clockwise, or is it counterclockwise? Show your work and give correct units.In Figure 10-4 the force F2 = 15.0 N acts at the point 70.0 on. What is the magnitude of the torque due to F2 about an axis through point B and perpendicular to the page? Is the torque clockwise, or is it counterclockwise? Show your work and give correct units. Figure 10-4 Meter stick with two forces F1 and F2 acting at points shown.For the meter stick in Figure 10-4, what is the magnitude of the net torque due to both forces F1 and F2 about an axis perpendicular to the page through point A? Is it clockwise or counterclockwise? Show your work. Figure 10-4 Meter stick with two forces F1 and F2 acting at points shown.Figure 10-5 Meter stick with forces applied by hanging two masses m1 and m2. In Figure 10-5 if mass m1 = 0.100kg acts at 20.0cm, what is the value of mass m2 that must be placed at the position 70.0cm shown to put the system in equilibrium? Write the equation for ccw=cw with the mass m2 as unknown and solve for m2. Assume that the meter stick is uniform and symmetric. Show your work.1PLA2PLA3PLA4PLA5PLA6PLA7PLA1PLAA spring of spring constant k = 8.25 N/m is displaced from equilibrium by a distance of 0.150 m. What is the stored energy in the form of spring potential energy? Show your work.3PLAA mass of 0.400 kg is raised by a vertical distance of 0.450 min the earths gravitational field. What is the change in its gravitational potential energy? Show your work.A spring of spring constant k = 8.75 N/m is hung vertically from a rigid support. A mass of 0.500 kg is placed on the end of the spring and supported by hand at a point so that the displacement of the spring is 0.250 m. The mass is suddenly released and allowed to fall. At the lowest position of the mass what is the displacement of the spring from its equilibrium position? (Hint: Apply Equation 5 with x1 = 0.250 m and x2 the unknown. This will lead to a quadratic equation with one of the solutions the unknown x2 and the other solution the original 0.250 m displacement.) Show your work.6PLA1PLAThe mass m shown in Figure 12A-1 oscillates on a spring of spring constant k with amplitude A about the equilibrium position yo between the points y = yo + A and y = yo A. Choose the correct statements about the kinetic energy K, the spring potential energy US, and the gravitational potential energy UG for this motion (Questions 1-4). 2. The gravitational potential energy UG is (a) maximum at y = yo A. (b) zero at y = yo + A. (c) minimum at y = yo + A. (d) zero at y = yo.The mass m shown in Figure 12A-1 oscillates on a spring of spring constant k with amplitude A about the equilibrium position yo between the points y = yo+ A and y = yo A. Choose the correct statements about the kinetic energy K, the spring potential energy US, and the gravitational potential energy UG for this motion (Questions 1-4). 3. The kinetic energy K is (a) maximum at y = yo A. (b) maximum at y = yo + A. (c) maximum at y = yo. (d) zero at y = yo.The mass m shown in Figure 12A-1 oscillates on a spring of spring constant k with amplitude A about the equilibrium position yo between the points y = yo+ A and y = yo A. Choose the correct statements about the kinetic energy K, the spring potential energy US, and the gravitational potential energy UG for this motion (Questions 1-4). 4. The position y and the gravitational potential energy are (a) 90 out of phase. (b) 180 out of phase. (c) in phase. (d) 270 out of phase.A spring has a spring constant of k = 7.50 N/m. If the spring is displaced 0.550 m from its equilibrium position, what is the force that the spring exerts? Show your work.A spring of spring constant k = 8.25 N/m is displaced from equilibrium by a distance of 0.150 m. What is the stored energy in the form of spring potential energy? Show your work.A mass of 0.400 kg is raised by a vertical distance of 0.450 min the earth's gravitational field. What is the change in its gravitational potential energy? Assume the acceleration due to gravity is g = 9.80 m/s2. Show your work.What are the conditions under which the total momentum of a system of particles is conserved?What kind of collision conserves kinetic energy?What kind of collision does not conserve kinetic energy? What kind of collision results in the maximum loss of kinetic energy?4PLA5PLAA projectile is fired in the earth's gravitational field with a horizontal velocity of v = 9.00 m/s. How far does it go in the horizontal direction in 0.550 s? Show your work.How far does the projectile of Question 6 fall in the vertical direction in 0.550 s? Show your work.A projectile is launched in the horizontal direction. It travels 2.050 m horizontally while it falls 0.450 m vertically, and it then strikes the floor. How long is the projectile in the air? Show your work.9PLA1PLAWhat conditions must be satisfied for momentum to be conserved?Two pieces of tape are placed a distance 1.50 m apart on an air track. A 0.350 kg glider on the air track takes time t = 1.30 s to move between the two pieces of tape. What is the velocity of the glider? What is its momentum? Show your work.A glider of mass m1 = 0.350 kg moves with a velocity of 0.850 m/s to the right on an air track. It collides with a glider of mass m2 = 0.350 kg at rest. Glider m1 stops, and m2 moves in the direction that m1 was traveling. What is the velocity of m2? Show your work.5PLA6PLAAn air track glider of mass m1 = 0.300 kg moving at a speed of 0.800 m/s to the right collides with a glider of mass m2 = 0.300 kg moving at a speed of 0.400 m/s in the opposite direction. After the collision, m1 rebounds at speed 0.200 m/s to the left. After the collision, what is the speed and direction of m2? Show your work.1PLA2PLA3PLA4PLA5PLA7PLA8PLA1PLA2PLA3PLA4PLA5PLA6PLA7PLAIf a particle moves in a circle of radius R at constant speed , its acceleration is (a) directed toward the center of the circle. (b) equal to 2/R. (c) caused by the fact that the direction of the velocity vector changes continuously. (d) all of the above are true.If a particle moves in a circle of radius R = 1.35 m at a constant speed of = 6.70 m/s, what are the magnitude and direction of its centripetal acceleration?If the mass of the particle in Question 2 is 0.350 kg, what are the magnitude and direction of the centripetal force on it? Show your work.4PLAWhat is the centripetal acceleration of the particle in Question 4? What is the centripetal force on the particle? Show your work.For the apparatus used in this laboratory, the centripetal force is the same for a fixed radius R of rotation. Why is that statement true for this apparatus? (HintWhat provides the centripetal force on the rotating mass for this apparatus?)7PLA1PLAWhat equation defines moment of inertia? Define the terms used in the equation.What is the moment of inertia of a solid cylinder of radius R = 0.0950 m, thickness t = 0.015 m, and total mass M = 3.565 kg? Show your work.A mass hung on a string that is wrapped around an axle on a wheel produces a tension in the string of 5.65 N. The axle has a radius of 0.045 m. The wheel has a mass of 4.000 kg and a radius of 0.125 m. What is the torque produced by the tension on the axle? Show your work.The mass in Question 4 has an acceleration of 0.655 m/s2. What is the angular acceleration of the system? Show your work.In the experimental procedure, why is a path length longer than 1 m suggested for the motion of the mass on the string?1PLAWhat is specific gravity? What are its units?State Archimedes principle.The buoyant force on an object placed in a liquid is (a) always equal to the volume of the liquid displaced. (b) always equal to the weight of the object. (c) always equal to the weight of the liquid displaced. (d) always less than the volume of the liquid displaced.An object that sinks in water displaces a volume of water (a) equal to the objects weight. (b) equal to the objects volume. (c) less than the objects volume. (d) greater than the objects weight.An object that sinks in water has a mass in air of 0.0675 kg. Its apparent mass when submerged in water, as in Figure 18-1, is 0.0424 kg. What is the specific gravity SG of the object? Considering the densities given in Appendix II, of what material is the object probably made? Show your work.A piece of wood that floats on water has a mass of 0.0175 kg. A lead weight is tied to the wood, and the apparent mass with the wood in air and the lead weight submerged in water is 0.0765 kg. The apparent mass with the wood and the lead weight both submerged in water is 0.0452 kg. What is the specific gravity of the wood? Show your work.An object has a mass in air of 0.0832 kg, apparent mass in water of 0.0673 kg, and apparent mass in another liquid of 0.0718 kg. What is the specific gravity of the other liquid? Show your work.1PLA2PLA3PLAIn Question 3, what is the component of the weight of M that is directed along the arc of the motion of M? Show your work.5PLA6PLADetermine the period T of the pendulum in Question 3 if everything else stays the same, but = 45.0. Do not assume that the period is independent of . Show your work.1PLAOther than the type of force that produces it, what characterizes simple harmonic motion?A spring has a spring constant k = 8.75 N/m. If the spring is displaced 0.150 m from its equilibrium position, what is the force that the spring exerts? Show your work.A spring of constant k = 11.75 N/m is hung vertically. A 0.500 kg mass is suspended from the spring. What is the displacement of the end of the spring due to the weight of the 0.500 kg mass? Show your work.A spring with a mass on the end of it hangs in equilibrium a distance of 0.4200 m above the floor. The mass is pulled down a distance 0.0600 m below the original position, released, and allowed to oscillate. How high above the floor is the mass at the highest point in its oscillation? Show your work.A massless spring has a spring constant of k = 7.85 N/m. A mass M = 0.425 kg is placed on the spring, and it is allowed to oscillate. What is the period T of oscillation? Show your work.A massless spring of k = 6.45 N/m has a mass M = 0.300 kg on the end of the spring. The mass is pulled down 0.0500 m and released. What is the period T of the oscillation? What is the period T if the mass is pulled down 0.1000 m and released? State clearly the reasoning for your answer.1PLAOther than the type of force that produces it, what characterizes simple harmonic motion?3PLA4PLA5PLA6PLA1PLAWhat are the conditions (with respect to the points of zero amplitude and maximum amplitude) that must hold to produce a standing wave on a vibrating string?3PLA4PLA5PLA6PLASuppose that the system described in Question 5 has string with a mass density equal to 2.95 102 kg/m. What is the tension T in the string for the second resonant mode? Show yow work.1PLAHow are standing waves produced?What name is given to a point in space where the wave amplitude is zero at all times?What name is given to a point in space where the wave amplitude is a maximum at all times?What are the conditions that must be satisfied to produce a standing wave in a tube open at one end and closed at the other end?For an ideal resonance tube an antinode occurs at the open end of the tube. What property of real resonance tubes slightly alters the position of this antinode?A student using a tuning fork of frequency 512Hz observes that the speed of sound is 340 m/s. What is the wavelength of this sound wave? Show your work.8PLA1PLAWhat is the name for a device that provides a thermally isolated environment in which substances exchange heat?3PLA4PLAA heated piece of metal at a temperature T1 is placed into a calorimeter containing water and a stirrer. The temperature of the calorimeter, water, and stirrer is initially T2, where T1 T2. The system is stirred continuously until it comes to equilibrium at a temperature of T3. What is the purpose of stirring the system continuously?A 350 g piece of metal is at an initial temperature of 22.0C. It absorbs 1000 cal of thermal energy, and its final temperature is 45.0C. What is the specific heat of the metal? Show your work.A 250.0 g sample of metal shot is heated to a temperature of 98.0C. It is placed in 100.0 g of water in a brass calorimeter cup with a brass stirrer. The total mass of the cup and the stirrer is 50.0 g. The initial temperature of the water, stirrer, and calorimeter cup is 20.0C. The final equilibrium temperature of the system is 30.0C. What is the specific heat of the metal sample? (The specific heat of brass is 0.092 cal/g-C.) Show your work.1PLAWhat are the units for the linear thermal coefficient of expansion ?Most materials expand when the temperature is raised. What can you conclude about . for a material that contracts when its temperature is raised?A copper rod has a length of 1.117 m when its temperature is 22.0C. If the temperature of the rod is raised to 275.0C, what is the new length of the rod? [The value of . for copper is 16.8 106 (C)1.] Show your work.Iron rails are used to build a railroad track. If each rail is 10.000 m long when it is placed in the track at a temperature of 20.0C, how much space must be left between the rails so that they just touch each other when the temperature is 40.0C? [The value of for iron is 11.4 10 (C)1.] Show your work.A rod in a steam jacket is measured to have a length of 0.600 m at a temperature of 22.0C. Steam is then passed through the jacket for several minutes until the rod is at a temperature of 98.0C. The increase in the length of the rod is measured by a micrometer screw arrangement to be 1.19 mm. What is the linear thermal coefficient of expansion for the rod? Show your work.7PLA1PLAWhat are the conditions under which a real gas approximately obeys the ideal gas law?3PLAWhich temperature scale must always be used in the ideal gas law?The temperature in a room is measured to be Tc = 24.5C. What is the Kelvin temperature of the room? Show your work.If the volume of the room in Question 5 is 50.0 m3 , and the pressure is 1.013 105 N/m2 , what is the value of N, the number of molecules in the room? Show your work.A gas at constant temperature has a volume of 25.0 m3 and the pressure of the gas is 1.50 105 N/m2 . What is the volume of the gas if the pressure of the gas is increased to 2.50 lO5 N/m2 while the temperature remains fixed? Is this an example of Boyles law or Charles law? Show your work.A gas at constant pressure has a volume of 35.0 m3 , and its temperature is 20.0C. What is its volume if its temperature is raised to 100.0C at the same pressure? Is this an example of Boyles law or Charles law? Show your work.Electric field lines are drawn (a) from positive charges to negative charges; (b) from negative charges to positive charges; (c) from the largest charge to the smallest charge; (d) from the smallest charge to the largest charge.The points where the potential is the same (in three-dimensional space) have the same voltage. (a) True (b) FalseThe points where the potential is the same (in three-dimensional space) lie on a surface. (a) True (b) FalseThe relationship between the direction of the electric field lines and the equipotential surfaces is (a) field lines are everywhere parallel to surfaces; (b) field lines always intersect each other; (c) field lines are everywhere perpendicular to surfaces; (d) field lines always make angles between 0 and 90 with surfaces.Why are the measured equipotentials lines instead of surfaces for this laboratory?If two electrodes have a source of potential difference of 100 V connected to them, how many equipotential surfaces exist in the space between them?Why is it important to center the electrodes on the resistance paper for this laboratory?In the performance of this laboratory, what is the recommended maximum allowed potential difference from one end of an electrode to the other end?On what basis are you to decide how many points to measure for each equipotential for a given electrode configuration?1PLA2PLA3PLA4PLA5PLA6PLA7PLAThree capacitors of capacitance 5.00 F, 8.00 F, and 11.00 F are connected in series. What is the equivalent capacitance of the combination? Show your work.1PLATwo resistors R1 and R2 are connected in parallel with R1 R2. Choose all correct answers below. The total resistance of the combination is (a) less than R1, (b) less than R2, (c) greater than R2, (d) greater than 2 R2, (e) equal to (R1R2)/(R1 + R2).3PLAIf a circuit element carries a current of 3.71 A, and the voltage drop across the element is 8.69 V, what is the resistance of the circuit element? Show your work. R = ____A resistor is known to obey Ohms law. When there is a current of 1.72 A in the resistor, it has a voltage drop across its terminals of 7.35 V. lf a voltage of 12.0 Vis applied across the resistor, what is the current in the resistor? Show your work. I = ______ AThe resistivity of copper is 1.72 108 -m. A copper wire is 15.0 m long, and the wire diameter is 0.0500 cm. What is the resistance of the wire? Show your work. R = _______A wire of cross-sectional area 5.00 106 m2 has a resistance of 1.75 . What is the resistance of a wire of the same material and length as the first wire, but with a cross-sectional area of 8.75 106 m2? Show your work. R = ______Three resistors of resistance 20.0 , 30.0 , and 40.0 are connected in series. What is their equivalent resistance? Show your work. R = _______Three resistors of resistance 15.0 , 25.0 , and 35.0 are connected in parallel. What is their equivalent resistance? Show your work. R = ______1PLA2PLAA slide-wire Wheatstone bridge is used in the configuration shown in Figure 29-2 with the known resistor positioned as shown and equal to 10.00 . The balance point is found to be at the position of 35.7 ern for the scale as shown in the figure. What is the value of the unknown resistance RU? Show your work. RU = ____Does the measurement of resistance using the Wheatstone bridge depend upon the value of the power supply voltage used? If it does, explain why, and if it does not, then explain why not.5PLA6PLA1PLADescribe the role that capacitive reactance of a capacitor plays when there is an alternating current in the capacitor.3PLA4PLA5PLA6PLASine Wave Generator The balance condition for the bridge is different for different frequencies. (a) True (b) False8PLAA 3.75 F capacitor is in series with a 6.85 F capacitor. What is the equivalent capacitance Cc, of the combination? Show your work.A 5.75 F capacitor is in parallel with a 3.82 F capacitor. What is the equivalent capacitance Cc of the combination? Show your work.1PLA2PLA3PLA4PLA5PLA6PLAA galvanometer has Rg = 150 and K = 0.750 104 A/div. The galvanometer has five divisions for a full-scale reading (i.e., N = 5). What value of resistance is needed, and how must it be connected to the galvanometer to form a full-scale voltmeter of 20.0 V? Show your work.8PLA9PLA10PLA1PLA2PLA3PLA4PLA5PLA6PLA7PLA8PLA9PLA1PLA2PLA3PLAFor a circuit such as the one in Figure 33-1, what are the equations for the charge Q and the current I as functions of time when the capacitor is charging? Q = _______ I = __________For a circuit such as the one in Figure 33-1, what are the equations for the charge Q and the current I as functions of time when the capacitor is discharging? Q = _________ I = ____________If a 5.00 F capacitor and a 3.50 M resistor form a series RC circuit, what is the RC time constant? Give proper units for RC and show your work. RC = ________________Assume that a 10.0 F capacitor, a battery of emf = 12.0 V, and a voltmeter of 10.0 M input impedance are used in a circuit such as that in Figure 33-2. The switch S is first closed, and then the switch is opened. What is the reading on the voltmeter 35.0 s after the switch is opened? Show your work. V = __________ VAssume that a circuit is constructed such as the one shown in Figure 33-3 with a capacitor of 5.00 F, a battery of 24.0 V, a voltmeter of input impedance 12.0 M, and a resistor Ru = 10.0 M. If the switch is first closed and then opened, what is the voltmeter reading 25.0 s after the switch is opened? Show your work. V = _______ VIn the measurement of the voltage as a function of time performed in this laboratory, the voltage is measured at fixed time intervals. (a) True (b) False1PLAFigure 34-5 Circuit for Questions 1 to 4. In the circuit of Figure 34-5, if I1 = 2.00 A and I2 = 0.75 A, what is the value of I3?Figure 34-5 Circuit for Questions 1 to 4. What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit?Figure 34-5 Circuit for Questions 1 to 4. What is the current in the 5.00 resistor?Consider the circuit of Figure 34-6. Apply Kirchhoffs rules to the circuit and write three equations in terms of known circuit elements and the unknown currents shown in the figure. Figure 34-6 Multi-loop circuit.Solve the three equations that you wrote in Question 5 for the values of the currents.7PLA1PLA2PLA3PLA4PLA5PLA6PLA7PLA1PLAFor an inductor in a series alternating current circuit, the phase relationship between the current in the inductor and the voltage across the inductor is (a) the current leads the voltage by 90; (b) the voltage leads the current by 90; (c) the current is in phase with the voltage; (d) the current is at some phase angle relative to the voltage ( is dependent on the circuit parameters).3PLA4PLA5PLA6PLA