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All Textbook Solutions for Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry

27.78P Some soft drinks contain citric acid as flavoring. Is it a good nutrient?27.80P 27.81P 27.82P 27.83P 27.84P 27.85P 27.86P 27.87P 27.88P 27.89P Why is it somewhat misleading to study biochemi- cal pathways separately?27.91P 27.92P 27.93P 27.94P 27.95P 27.96P 27.97P 27.98P 27.99P 27.100P 27.101P 27.102P 27.103P 27.104P 28.1P What are the products of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of fats?What is the main use of amino acids in the body?28.4P 28.5P 28.6P 28.7P 28.8P 28.9P 28.10P 28.11P 28.12P 28.13P 28.14P 28.15P 28.16P 28.17P 28.18P 28.19P 28.20P Two enzymes participating in ß-oxidation have the word “thio” in their names. Name the two enzymes. To which chemical group does this name refer? What is the common feature in the action of these two enzymes?28.22P 28.23P Is the ß -oxidation of fatty acid (without the subsequent metabolism of C2fragments via the common metabolic pathway) more efficient with a short-chain fatty acid than with a long-chain fatty acid? Is more ATP produced per carbon atom in a short-chain fatty acid than in a long-chain fatty acid during ß -oxidation?Calculate the number of ATP molecules obtained in the ß -oxidation of myristic acid, CH3(CH2)12COOH.28.26P 28.27P 28.28P 28.29P 28.30P 28.31P 28.32P 28.33P Ammonia, NH3, and ammonium ion, NH+4are both soluble in water and could easily be excreted in the urine. Why does the body convert them to urea rather than excreting them directly?28.35P 28.36P 28.37P 28.38P 28-39 The metabolism of the carbon skeleton of tyrosine yields pyruvate. Why is tyrosine a glucogenic amino acid?28.40P 28.41P 28.42P 28.43P 28.44P 28.45P 28.46P 28.47P 28.48P 28.49P 28.50P 28.51P 28.52P 28.53P 28.54P 28.55P 28.56P 28.57P Write the products of the transamination reaction between alanine and oxaloacetate:28.59P 28.60P 28.61P 28.62P 28.63P 28.64P 28.65P 28.66P 28.67P 28.68P 28.69P 28.70P 28.71P 28.72P 28.73P 28.74P 28.75P 28.76P 28.77P 28.78P 28.79P Many soft drinks contain citric acid to add flavor. Is it likely to be a good nutrient?28.81P One occasionally hears diet advice that proteins and carbohydrates should not be eaten at the same meal. Does this advice make sense to you in light of Figure 28-11?28.83P 28.84P 29.1P 29.2P 29.3P 29.4P 29.5P 29.6P 29.7P 29.8P 29.9P 29.10P 29.11P 29.12P 29.13P 29.14P 29.15P 29.16P 29.17P 29.18P 29.19P 29.20P 29.21P Which of these fatty acids can be synthesized by the multienzyme fatty acid synthesis complex alone? (a) Oleic (b) Stearic (c) Myristic (d) Arachidonic (e) Lauric 29.23P 29.24P 29.25P 29.26P 29.27P 29.28P 29.29P 29.30P 29.31P 29.32P 29.33P 29.34P 29.35P 29.36P 29.37P 29.38P 29.39P 29.40P 29.41P 29.42P 29.43P 29.44P 29.45P 29.46P 29.47P 29.48P 29.49P 29.50P 29.51P 29.52P 29.53P 29.54P 29.55P 29.56P 29.57P 29.58P 29.59P 29-60 How does the energy source differ in carbohydrate biosynthesis in plants and in animals?29.61P A vegan diet is one that excludes all animal products. Is it possible to get all essential nutrients from such a diet? Will it be more difficult or easier to achieve this goal with a diet that allows animal products?29.63P 29.64P 29.65P 29.66P 29.67P 29.68P Are nutrient requirements uniform for everyone?Is banana flavoring, isopentyl acetate, a nutrient?If sodium benzoate, a food preservative, is excreted as such and if calcium propionate, another food preservative, is metabolized to CO2 and H2O, would you consider either of these preservatives to be a nutrient? If so, why?30.4P 30.5P 30.6P 30.7P Can a chemical that, in essence, goes through the body unchanged be an essential nutrient? Explain.30.9P 30.10P 30.11P 30.12P 30.13P Humans cannot digest wood; termites do so with the aid of bacteria in their digestive tract. Is there a basic difference in the digestive enzymes present in humans and termites?30.15P 30.16P 30.17P Which nutrient provides energy in its most concentrated form?30.19P 30.20P 30.21P 30.22P Is it possible to get a sufficient supply of nutritionally adequate proteins by eating only vegetables?30.24P 30.25P 30-26 Which one will be digested faster: (a) a raw egg or (b) a hard-boiled egg? Explain.30.27P 30.28P 30.29P 30.30P 30.31P 30.32P 30.33P 30.34P 30.35P 30.36P What are the nonspecific effects of vitamin E, C, and carotenoids?30.38P 30.39P 30.40P 30.41P Why would many athletes believe that taking large doses of B vitamins would be helpful?30.43P (Chemical Connections 30A) What is a recommendation from ChooseMyPlate.gov regarding dairy products?30.45P 30.46P 30.47P 30.48P 30.49P 30.50P 30.51P 30.52P 30.53P 30.54P 30.55P 30.56P 30.57P 30.58P 30.59P 30.60P 30.61P 30.62P 30.63P 30.64P 30.65P 30.66P 30.67P 30.68P 30.69P 30.70P 30.71P 30.72P 30.73P 30.74P 30.75P 30.76P Why is it necessary to have protein in our diets?30.78P 30.79P 30.80P 30.81P 30.82P Egg yolk contains a lot of lecithin (a phosphoglyceride). After ingesting a hard-boiled egg, would you find an increase in the lecithin level of your blood? Explain.30.84P 30.85P 30.86P Give two examples of external innate immunity in humans.31.2P 31.3P 31.4P 31.5P 31.6P 31.7P 31-8 What are memory cells? What is their function?31.9P 31.10P 31.11P 31.12P 31.13P 31.14P 31.15P 31.16P When a foreign substance is injected in a rabbit, how long does it take to find antibodies against the foreign substance in the rabbit serum?31.18P (a) Which immunoglobulin has the highest carbohydrate content and the lowest concentration in the serum? (b) What is its main function?Chemical Connections 20D states that the antigen in the red blood cells of a person with B-type blood is a galactose unit. Show schematically how the antibody of a person with A-type blood would aggregate the red blood cells of a B-type person if such a transfusion were made by mistake.31.21P 31.22P 31.23P 31.24P 31.25P 31.26P What accounts for antibody diversity?31.28P 31.29P 31.30P 31.31P 31.32P 31.33P 31.34P 31.35P

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