Many processes such as the fabrication of integrated circuits are carried out in a vacuum chamber to avoid reaction of the material with oxygen in the atmosphere. It is difficult to routinely lower the pressure in a vacuum chamber below
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Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & Kinetics
- One of the chemical controversies of the nineteenth century concerned the element beryllium (Be). Berzelius originally claimed that beryllium was a trivalent element (forming Be3+ ions) and that it gave an oxide with the formula Be2O3. This resulted in a calculated atomic mass of 13.5 for beryllium. In formulating his periodic table, Mendeleev proposed that beryllium was divalent (forming Be2+ ions) and that it gave an oxide with the formula Be2O3. This assumption gives an atomic mass of 9.0. In 1894, A. Combes (Comptes Rendus 1894, p. 1221) reacted beryllium with the anion C5H7O2and measured the density of the gaseous product. Combess data for two different experiments are as follows: I II Mass 0.2022 g 0.2224 g Volume 22.6 cm3 26.0 cm3 Temperature 13C 17C Pressure 765.2 mm Hg 764.6 mm If beryllium is a divalent metal, the molecular formula of the product will be Be(C5H7O2)2; if it is trivalent, the formula will be Be(C5H7O2)3. Show how Combess data help to confirm that beryllium is a divalent metal.arrow_forwardConsider a mixture of H2 (g) and I2 (g). Determine the ratio of the root-mean-square speed of H2(g) and I2 (g) molecules in the reaction mixturearrow_forwardTo what temperature must 0.588 moles of ammonia gas have to be heated in a 15.0L container in order for it to exert a pressure of 3.50 kPa. (R8.314)arrow_forward
- The partial pressure of oxygen was observed to be 156 torr in air with an atmospheric pressure of 743 torr. Calculate the mole fraction of O2 present.arrow_forwardChemistry Calculate the mass of barium iodate that can disolve in 500 mL of water at 25ºC. Kps(Ba(IO3)2)= 1.57 x 10-1 PM (Ba(IO3)2) = 487.13 g*mol-1arrow_forwardLithium metal of mass 20.0 g is dropped into a beaker of water, producing hydrogen gasand an aqueous lithium hydroxide solution.2 Li (s) + 2 H2O (l) → 2 LiOH (aq) + H2 (g)What volume of hydrogen gas is produced if the temperature is 30 oC and the pressure is125 kPa?arrow_forward
- The mole fraction of krypton in dry air near sea level is 0.00000114, where the molar mass of krypton is 83.80. The partial pressure of krypton when the total atmospheric pressure (dry air) is 97.5 kPa is __________ kPa.arrow_forward14 g of nitrogen gas were reacted with exces hydrogen. Calculate the volume of ammonia produced under standard conditions. (101 kPa, 298 K)R= 8.31 JK molarrow_forwardNitric oxide is an important neurotransmitter. To prepare to study its effect, a sample was collected in a volume of 250 cubic centimeters. At 19.5 degrees Celsius, its pressure is found to be 24.3 kPa. How many moles of the neurotransmitter were collected?arrow_forward
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