Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configuration of the aluminum atom is to be written. Valence electrons and core electrons in aluminum are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals is called the atom’s ‘electron configuration’. The most stable electron configuration of an element is called the ‘ground state’ configuration. Valence electrons are the electrons occupying the highest energy shell while core electrons are the electrons occupying the remaining lower energy shells of an atom.
Answer to Problem 1.40P
For aluminum, the group-state electron configuration is
Explanation of Solution
The
Aluminum has three valence electrons and ten core electrons.
(b)
Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configuration of the sulfur atom is to be written. Valence electrons and core electrons in sulfur are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals is called the atom’s ‘electron configuration’. The most stable electron configuration of an element is called the ‘ground state’ configuration. Valence electrons are the electrons occupying the highest energy shell while core electrons are the electrons occupying the remaining lower energy shells of an atom.
Answer to Problem 1.40P
For the sulfur atom, the ground-state electron configuration is
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number of sulfur is
Sulfur has six valence electrons and ten core electrons.
(c)
Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configuration of the oxygen atom is to be written. Valence electrons and core electrons in oxygen are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals is called the atom’s ‘electron configuration’. The most stable electron configuration of an element is called the ‘ground state’ configuration. Valence electrons are the electrons occupying the highest energy shell while core electrons are the electrons occupying the remaining lower energy shells of an atom.
Answer to Problem 1.40P
For the oxygen atom, the ground-state electron configuration is
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number of oxygen is
Oxygen has six valence electrons and two core electrons.
(d)
Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configuration of the nitrogen atom is to be written. Valence electrons and core electrons in nitrogen are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals is called the atom’s ‘electron configuration’. The most stable electron configuration of an element is called the ‘ground state’ configuration. Valence electrons are the electrons occupying the highest energy shell while core electrons are the electrons occupying the remaining lower energy shells of an atom.
Answer to Problem 1.40P
For the nitrogen atom, the ground-state electron configuration is
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number of Nitrogen is
Nitrogen has five valence electrons and two core electrons.
(e)
Interpretation:
The ground-state electron configuration of the fluorine atom is to be written. Valence electrons and core electrons in fluorine are to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals is called the atom’s ‘electron configuration’. The most stable electron configuration of an element is called the ‘ground state’ configuration. Valence electrons are the electrons occupying the highest energy shell while core electrons are the electrons occupying the remaining lower energy shells of an atom.
Answer to Problem 1.40P
For the fluorine atom, the ground-state electron configuration is
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number of fluorine is
Fluorine has seven valence electrons and two core electrons.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Get Ready for Organic Chemistry
- Consider the eight most abundant elements in the human body, as outlined in Exercise 156. Excluding hydrogen, which of these elements would have the smallest size? largest size? smallest first ionization energy? largest first ionization energy?arrow_forwardUsing Fig. 2-30, list the elements (ignore the lanthanides and actinides) that have ground-state electron configurations that differ from those we would expect from their positions in the periodic table.arrow_forward(a) Write out the full electron configuration of Calcium (Ca). (b) How many electrons are in the n=3 shell of Calcium?arrow_forward
- There are three rules electrons normally follow when occupying orbitals in an atom. (i) Name each of these rules and then (ii) explain how each rule has an effect on the electron filling order. To illustrate these rules, (iii) draw a diagram of the electron filling pattern for oxygen. Note: Do not just write out the electron configuration; you must draw some form of diagram that explains the order electronsarrow_forwardplease answer part 3b onlyarrow_forwardSelect all of the atoms which bear lone electron pairs. • Gray = C: white = H; red = 0; blue = N; dark green = Cl; brown = Br; light green=F: purple = 1; yellow = S: orange = P. • Double click to select atoms. • You can zoom in and out using the mouse scroll wheel (or pinch to zoom on touch screens).arrow_forward
- Type in electron configurations for the following atoms and ions. Use the noble gas shortcut. The answer boxes don't support special formatting like superscripts, so l've programmed the answers as follows. As an example, the electron config for carbon would usually be: [He]2s2p? But the answer box can't hold superscripts, so type it in with spaces between each orbital and the next, like so: [He] 2s2 2p2 Canvas will be super picky about this, but l'll doublecheck it later and give credit based on what you typed and what is in your uploaded work. Ti Co Y2+ Bi3+arrow_forwardType in electron configurations for the following atoms and ions. Use the noble gas shortcut. The answer boxes don't support special formatting like superscrip so l've programmed the answers as follows. As an example, the electron config for carbon would usually be: [He]2s 2p2 But the answer box can't hold superscripts, so type it in with spaces between each orbital and the next, like so: He) 2s2 2p2 Ti Coarrow_forwardWhat do we mean by the term electronic structure? Select all that apply. The arrangement of the protons in an atom. The arrangement of the electrons in an atom. O The placement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom. The placement of protons in the orbitals of an atom. The arrangement of the neutrons in an atom. The placement of neutrons in the orbitals of an atom. None of these. eTextbook and Media Save for Laterarrow_forward
- solve thisarrow_forwardWrite down the orbital diagram for an ion that contains 19 protons and 18 electrons.arrow_forwardType in electron configurations for the following atoms and ions. Use the noble gas shortcut. The answer boxes don't support special formatting like superscripts, so I've programmed the answers as follows. As an example, the electron config for carbon would usually be: [He]2s°2p? But the ansvwer box can't hold superscripts, so type it in with spaces between each orbital and the next, like so: [He] 2s2 2p2 Can -- what you - - A ATA typed and what Ti (Ar] 3d2 4s2 Co [Ar] 3d7 4s2 Y2+ [Kr] 4d1 Bi3+ [Xe]6s2 4f14 5d10arrow_forward
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