Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
All valid resonance contributors for the given ion are to be drawn using curved arrows to indicate which pairs of electrons are being shifted.
Concept introduction:
Resonance structure exists in species for which there are two or more valid Lewis structures. Resonance structures are imaginary; true species is represented by the resonance hybrid. Resonance structures differ only in the placement of their valence electrons, not their atoms. For a species, each valid Lewis structure is called a “resonance structure” or a “resonance contributor.” Resonance structures are drawn using curved arrows. The arrow points to the center of an existing bond to represent the formation of a new double/triple bond. A resonance structure can be drawn if a lone pair of electrons on an atom is adjacent with multiple bonds or an incomplete octet on an atom is adjacent to multiple bonds or there is a ring of alternating single and double bonds.
(b)
Interpretation:
Resonance hybrid for the given anion is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
For a species, each valid Lewis structure is called a “resonance structure” or a “resonance contributor.” A resonance hybrid is a weighted average of all resonance contributors. A partial bond is represented in a resonance hybrid by a dashed line connecting the two atoms.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 1 Solutions
EBK GET READY FOR ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- The curved arrow notation introduced in Section 1.6B is a powerful method used by organic chemists to show the movement of electrons not only in resonance structures, but also in chemical reactions.Because each curved arrow shows the movement of two electrons, following the curved arrows illustrates what bonds are broken and formed in a reaction. Consider the following three-step process. (a) Add curved arrows in Step [1] to show the movement of electrons. (b) Use the curved arrows drawn in Step [2] to identify the structure of X. X is converted in Step [3] to phenol and HCl.arrow_forwardConsider compounds A–D, which contain both a heteroatom and a double bond. (a) For which compounds are no additional Lewis structures possible? (b) When two or more Lewis structures can be drawn, draw all additional resonance structures.arrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Follow the curved arrows and draw the resonance hybrid contributor. Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. Drawing Ⓒarrow_forward
- The curved arrow notation introduced in Section 1.6B is a powerfulmethod used by organic chemists to show the movement of electronsnot only in resonance structures, but also in chemical reactions.Because each curved arrow shows the movement of two electrons,following the curved arrows illustrates what bonds are broken andformed in a reaction. Consider the following three-step process. (a) Addcurved arrows in Step [1] to show the movement of electrons. (b) Use thecurved arrows drawn in Step [2] to identify the structure of X. X isconverted in Step [3] to phenol and HCl.arrow_forward9) Draw the resonance contributor that corresponds to the curved, two electron movement arrows in the resonance expressions below. -I Harrow_forwardDraw all reasonable resonance structures for the following cation. Then draw the resonance hybrid.arrow_forward
- QUESTION 4. (a) Below are two structural isomers. Interestingly, one of these structures is significantly more acidic than the other. Circle the most acidic proton in each. Determine which structure is more acidic and explain why. Use your knowledge of resonance structures and molecular geometry to support your argument. NO₂ NO₂ OH OHarrow_forwardIn the molecule shown label the indicated bonds with either their hybridization (sp,sp2,sp3) or the type of bond present (sigma, pi )arrow_forwardGive correct detailed Solution with explanation needed...don't give Handwritten answerarrow_forward
- Draw a resonance structure for the following cation. -ÖCH, draw structure ...arrow_forwardConsider compounds A–D, which contain both a heteroatom and a double bond. (a) For which compounds are no additional Lewis structures possible? (b) When two or more Lewis structures can be drawn, draw all additional resonance structures.arrow_forward(2) Draw H₂NCH₂ in its second-best resonance form. Include all unshared electrons in your drawing.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning