a.
To determine: Whether is it ethical to do placebo surgeries on the human beings that suffer from extremely painful conditions.
Introduction: The placebo surgeries include the use of anesthesia and cutting of knees of human beings. This is done to provide relief from pain.
b.
To determine: The two explanations for the decreased pain.
Introduction: An arthroscopic surgery is carried out to found that whether the placebo treatment is effective in relieving knee pain. The study includes 93% male and 60% white.
c.
To determine: The experimental design of placebo study and also determine whether the outcomes of these types of studies apply to people with knee pain.
Introduction: During the performance of the experiment, one-third of the people receive placebo treatment, and rest two-third receives the normal treatment without the placebo surgery.
d.
To determine: Whether these studies are blind, double-blind, or double-blind crossover design.
Introduction: The result of the experiments showed no specific difference in the function of the knee between the normal and placebo type of treatments.
e.
To determine: The reason due to which there is a need to include placebo operation in the studies.
Introduction: In placebo treatment, anesthesia is given to the patients, and their knees were cut down for relieving pain.
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