Chapter 1, Problem 19SP

In the following experiments, identify the independent variable, the conditions, and the dependent variable:

(a) studying whether final exam scores are influenced by whether concurrent background music is soft, loud, or absent;

(b) comparing students from small, medium, and large colleges with respect to how much fun they have during the semester;

(c) studying whether being first-, second-, or third-born is related to intelligence;

(d) studying whether length of daily exposure to a sunlamp (15 versus 60 minutes) accounts for differences in depression;

(e) studying whether being in a room with blue walls, green walls, or red walls influences aggressive behavior in adolescents.