Concept explainers
Interpretation: Curved arrows showing electron movement are to be drawn and the formula for the structure that would contribute most to the hybrid is to be designated.
Concept introduction:
Resonating structures are structures that have more than one equivalent Lewis structure for the same molecule or ion.
According to the convention, these structures are connected by double-headed arrows (
Movement of electrons (whether bonding or lone pair) is indicated by curved arrows.
The rules for writing the resonance structures are:
Resonance structures have existence in paper only, they are not real structures.
While writing the resonance structures, movement of either double bonded electrons or lone pair of electrons are shown.
All structures should be correct Lewis structures.
The energy of any contributing structure is higher than the energy of the resonance hybrid.
For equivalent resonating structures, the resonance stabilization is large.
The rules for deciding which resonance structure contributes more to the hybrid than other are:
The more stable structure is that which has more covalent bonds.
Stability of resonating structures is decreased by charge separation.
The structures that contain complete valence shell are more stable.
Stability of resonating structures is increased as the electrons in valence shell completed.
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Organic Chemistry
- Draw two significant resonance structures for the molecule below (start at the same site of instability for both). Only one lone pair and formal charge are provided; provide any formal charges and lone pairs that are missing on the original structure and on your resonance forms. Make sure to draw curved arrows correctly (starting from a bond/lone pair) and be very clear where the head of the arrow is pointing. Finally, rank them from most stable to least stable and justify your choices. The skeleton for your resonance is provided.arrow_forwardThe problem is asking how many Sp3, Sp2, and Sp atoms there are and the answer key says 16 Sp3, 8 Sp2 and 2 Sp but I'm not even counting 26 carbons on this molecule so I'm a little confused.arrow_forwardSee attached picture Question.) Below are the NMR spectra and molecular formulas of three molecules. Draw the complete structure in the boxes below. All the atoms in each molecule are closed shell (octets) and uncharged. Lack of IR data does not mean that a specific functional group is not present in the molecule.arrow_forward
- Draw the resonance structure for the following molecule: Just started with resonance, where would the arrows go? I'm unsure of this problem.arrow_forwardDesign a molecule with the formula: , which must contain the following features. It will also contain other features that you decide upon. a. sp, sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbons b. A positively charged nitrogen atom c. A ring (cyclic structure) d. Delocalized electrons (it can resonate) e. Two oxygen containing functional groups Provide the Lewis structure (include all lone pairs and formal charge), condensed structure and bond-line structure for the above designed molecule. Indicate with arrows the electron delocalization present in your designed molecule.arrow_forwardMake a continuous model for C4H10 by using 4 black 4 hole carbon atoms, 10 white one hole hydrogen atoms, and 13 pink bonds. Then write in wedge dash notation C4H10 and add in missing hydrogen atoms.arrow_forward
- See attached picture. Question.) Below is the NMR spectra and molecular formula for a molecule. Draw the complete structure in the box to the right below. All the atoms in each molecule are closed shell (octets) and uncharged. Lack of IR data does not mean that a specific functional group is not present in the molecule.arrow_forward1. Add nonbonding electron pairs to each atom where it is implied by the line-angle drawings shown below. 2. Use the curved arrow formalism to generate four additional, valid resonance structures for each compound. 3. Rank your resonance structures in order of increasing contribution to the overall nature of the molecule.arrow_forwardFor the compound shown, circle all asymmetric carbon atoms.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning