OPENINTRO:STATISTICS
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781943450077
Author: OPENINTRO
Publisher: amazon.com
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Question
Chapter 1, Problem 41CE
(a)
To determine
State whether the study is an observational or an experimental study.
(b)
To determine
Identify the explanatory and response variable(s) in this study.
(c)
To determine
State whether the results of the study can be generalized to the population.
(d)
To determine
State whether the results of the study can be used to establish causal relationships.
(e)
To determine
Provide the suggestion about revising the statement that makes the statement supported by the study.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
In an article "Shelf-Space Strategy in Retailing", published in
Proceedings: Southern Marketing Association, the effect of shelf
height on the supermarket sales of canned dog food is
investigated. An experiment was conducted at a small
supermarket for a period of 8 days on the sales of a single brand
of dog food, referred to as Arf dog food, involving three levels of
shelf height: knee level, waist level, and eye level. During each
day, the shelf height of the canned dog food was randomly
changed on three different occasions. The remaining sections of
the gondola that housed the given brand were filled with a mixture
of dog food brands that were both familiar and unfamiliar to
customers in this geographic area. Sales, in hundreds of dollars,
of Arf dog food per day for the three shelf heights are given. Based
on the data, is there a significant difference in the average daily
sales of this dog food based on shelf height? Use a 0.01 level of
significance.
Knee Level
77
82
86
78
81
86
77…
Treatment for depression: Researchers conducted a study of 18 patients whose depression had not responded to treatment (Zarate, 2006). Half received one intravenous dose of ketamine, hypothesized quick fix for depression; half received one intravenous dose of placebo. Far more of the patients who received ketamine improved, as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, usually in less than 2 hours, than patients on placebo.
a.What is the population of interest, and what is the sample in the study?
b. Was random selection likely used? Explain your answer.
c. Was random assignment likely used? Explain your answer.
d. What is the independent variable and what are the levels? What is the dependent variable?
e. What is the null hypothesis and what is the research hypothesis?
f. What decision did the researchers make? (Respond using the language of inferential statistics.)
g. If the researchers were incorrect in their decision, what kind of error did they make? Explain your answer.…
In a study researching how donating to charity can affect a person's happiness, 96 participants were given $5 a day
for one week. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of two groups. Those assigned to the first group were
asked to spend the money on themselves, and those assigned to the second group were asked to donate the money to
charity. At the end of the week, all of the participants were asked to rate their overall level of happiness on a scale
from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater levels of happiness.
Which of the following are the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses to test whether the sample data provide
convincing statistical evidence that donating to charity results in greater happiness than spending on oneself, on
average?
Ho self-
"charity = 0
(A)
Ha self
charity >0
Ho self
Mcharity=0
(B)
Ha
self
charity 0
(E)
Ha
self
= Mcharity <0
Chapter 1 Solutions
OPENINTRO:STATISTICS
Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 1GPCh. 1.1 - Prob. 1ECh. 1.1 - Prob. 2ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 2GPCh. 1.2 - Prob. 3GPCh. 1.2 - Prob. 4GPCh. 1.2 - Prob. 6GPCh. 1.2 - Prob. 7GPCh. 1.2 - Prob. 3ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 4E
Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 5ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 6ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 7ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 10ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 11ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 12ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 9GPCh. 1.3 - Prob. 11GPCh. 1.3 - Prob. 12GPCh. 1.3 - Prob. 13GPCh. 1.3 - Prob. 13ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 14ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 15ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 16ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 17ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 18ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 19ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 20ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 21ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 22ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 23ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 24ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 25ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 26ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 27ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 28ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 16GPCh. 1.4 - Prob. 17GPCh. 1.4 - Prob. 29ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 30ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 31ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 32ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 33ECh. 1.4 - Prob. 34ECh. 1 - Prob. 35ECh. 1 - Prob. 36ECh. 1 - Prob. 37ECh. 1 - Prob. 38ECh. 1 - Prob. 39CECh. 1 - Prob. 40CECh. 1 - Prob. 41CECh. 1 - Prob. 42CECh. 1 - Prob. 43CECh. 1 - Prob. 44CE
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Dr. Farah is an educational psychologist who is interested in studying the potential causal relationship between doing homework and academic achievement. In January, Dr. Farah has her students report their fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement) and estimate how many hours they spent doing homework during a typical week in the fall semester. In May, Dr. Farah measures the same variables again (the estimated number of hours spent doing homework during a typical week in the spring semester and their spring GPA). She finds the following correlations. Imagine that Dr. Farah noted a cyclical, reinforcing relationship between homework and academic achievement. For this to be case, which of the following correlations would need to be significant? a. Correlations 1 and 6 b. Correlations 2 and 5 c. Correlations 3 and 4 d. Correlations 2 and 3 Answer is C for this question. Why this one is the answer and others are not?arrow_forwardIn an article Shelf-Space Strategy in Retailing, published in the Proceedings: Southern Marketing Association, the effect of shelf height on the supermarket sales of canned dog food is investigated. An experiment was conducted at a small supermarket for a period of 8 days on the sales of a single brand of clog food, referred to as Arf dog food, involving three levels of shelf height: knee level, waist level, and eye level. During each day the shelf height of the canned clog food was randomly changed on three different occasions. The remaining sections of the gondola that housed the given brand were filled with a mixture of dog food brands that were both familiar and unfamiliar to customers in this particular geographic area. Sales, in hundreds of dollars, of Arf dog food per day for the three shelf heights are as follows: Shelf Height Knee Level Waist Level 88 Eye Level 77 85 82 94 85 86 93 90 87 78 81 81 91 80 86 94 79 77 90 87 81 87 93 Is there a significant difference in the average…arrow_forwardIn a study of reading comprehension, sixth grade students read a short story about baseball. The students are divided into two groups based on their knowledge of baseball. Within each group, half of the students are high scorers on a test of verbal IQ, while the remaining students are low scorers. She found: Low baseball High baseball Low IQ-V 20 25 High IQ-V 20 30 Which is a correct interpretation of the results? Higher levels of baseball knowledge improves reading comprehension. This effect is weaker for those with high verbal IQs. Higher levels of baseball knowledge improves reading comprehension. This effect is stronger for those with high verbal IQs. The direction of the effect of baseball knowledge changes in direction from participants wit low IQ to participants with high IQ. there are no main effects and no interactions.arrow_forward
- In a research study, wherein the researcher wanted to know if people’s intelligence is perceived differently based on race, participants observed either a Caucasian, African American, or Asian American stimulus person giving a speech. All stimulus persons gave the same verbal speech. After observing this person, the participants had to rate the stimulus person’s level of intelligence on a scale of 1-10. The participants were separated by gender and their ratings were analyzed separately. How many possible interaction effects might the researcher find? Group of answer choices 3 0 1 2arrow_forwardIn a study of reading comprehension, sixth grade students read a short story about baseball. The students are divided into two groups based on their knowledge of baseball. Within each group, half of the students are high scorers on a test of verbal IQ, while the remaining students are low scorers. She found: Low baseball High baseball Low IQ-V 20 25 High IQ-V 20 30 What is the main effect of baseball knowledge? those in the high knowledge group score lower on reading comprehension than those in the low knowledge group. there is no main effect of baseball knowledge those in the high verbal IQ group score higher on reading comprehension than those in the low verbal IQ group. those in the high knowledge group score higher on reading comprehension than those in the low knowledge group.arrow_forwardDo people feel hungrier after sampling a healthy food? The authors of a consumer research paper carried out a study to answer this question. They randomly assigned volunteers into one of three groups. The people in the first group were asked to taste a snack that was billed as a new health bar containing high levels of protein, vitamins, and fiber. The people in the second group were asked to taste the same snack but were told it was a tasty chocolate bar with a raspberry center. After tasting the snack, participants were asked to rate their hunger level on a scale from 1 (not at all hungry) to 7 (very hungry). The people in the third group were asked to rate their hunger but were not given a snack. The data in the table are consistent with summary quantities given in the paper (although the sample sizes in the actual study were larger). Find the test statistic and P-value. (Use technology. Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to three decimal places.)…arrow_forward
- According to the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 11.4%11.4% of adolescents in the United States had at least one major depressive episode (MDE) in the year prior to be being surveyed. The percentage of MDE among adolescents was approximately three times higher for female adolescents (17.3%17.3% ) than for male adolescents (5.7%5.7% ). (a) Consider the American adolescent population as the sample space of interest. Enter the three percents cited here using probability notation. (Enter your answers rounded to three decimal places.) ?(MDE)=�(MDE)= ?(MDE | female)=�(MDE | female)= ?(MDE | male)=�(MDE | male)= (b) Is MDE independent of sex in the American adolescent population? Select the best explanation. None of the options are correct. No, MDE is not independent of sex in the American adolescent population. Knowing the sex does not change the probability of MDE. No, MDE is not independent of sex in the…arrow_forwardDo people feel hungrier after sampling a healthy food? The authors of a consumer research paper carried out a study to answer this question. They randomly assigned volunteers into one of three groups. The people in the first group were asked to taste a snack that was described as a new health bar containing high levels of protein, vitamins, and fiber. The people in the second group were asked to taste the same snack but were told it was a tasty chocolate bar with a raspberry center. After tasting the snack, participants were asked to rate their hunger level on a scale from 1 (not at all hungry) to 7 (very hungry). The people in the third group were asked to rate their hunger but were not given a snack. The data in the table are consistent with summary quantities given in the paper (although the sample sizes in the actual study were larger). Treatment Group Healthy Tasty 5 8 7 Hunger Rating No Snack 3 4 4 4 1 4 2 7 3 6 2 5 6 5 5 4 7 5 2 3 4 6 4 4 Sample Mean 5.6667 3.4444 4.2222 Sample…arrow_forwardDo people feel hungrier after sampling a healthy food? The authors of a consumer research paper carried out a study to answer this question. They randomly assigned volunteers into one of three groups. The people in the first group were asked to taste a snack that was described as a new health bar containing high levels of protein, vitamins, and fiber. The people in the second group were asked to taste the same snack but were told it was a tasty chocolate bar with a raspberry center. After tasting the snack, participants were asked to rate their hunger level on a scale from 1 (not at all hungry) to 7 (very hungry). The people in the third group were asked to rate their hunger but were not given a snack. The data in the table are consistent with summary quantities given in the paper (although the sample sizes in the actual study were larger). TreatmentGroup Hunger Rating SampleMean SampleStandardDeviation Healthy 5 8 7 4 7 3 4 7 6 5.6667 1.7321 Tasty 4 1 5 2 6 2 5 3 4 3.5556…arrow_forward
- As part of a long-term study of individuals 65 years of age or older, sociologists and physicians at the Wentworth Medical Center in upstate New York investigated the relationship between geographic location and depression. A sample of 60 individuals, all in reasonably good health, was selected; 20 individuals were residents of Florida, 20 were residents of New York, and 20 were residents of North Carolina. Each of the individuals sampled was given a standardized test to measure depression. Higher test scores indicate higher levels of depression. A second part of the study considered the relationship between geographic location and depression for individuals 65 years of age or older who had a chronic health condition such as arthritis, hypertension, and/or heart ailment. A sample of 60 individuals with such conditions was identified. Again, 20 were residents of Florida, 20 were residents of New York, and 20 were residents of North Carolina. Prepare a managerial report that summarizes…arrow_forwardA market-research group specializes in providing assessments of the prospects of sites for new children’s toy stores in shopping centers. The group assesses prospects as good, fair, or poor. The records of assessments made by this group were examined, and it was found that for all stores that had annual sales over $1,000,000, the assessments were good for 70%, fair for 20%, and poor for 10%. For all stores that turned out to be unsuccessful, the assessments were good for 20%, fair for 30%, and poor for 50%. It is known that 60% of new clothing stores are successful and 40% are unsuccessful.a. For a randomly chosen store, what is the probability that prospects will be assessed as good?b. If prospects for a store are assessed as good, what is the probability that it will be successful?c. Are the events “prospects assessed as good” and “store is successful” statistically independent?d. Suppose that five stores are chosen at random. What is the probability that at least one of them will be…arrow_forwardPenalty Kicks. In the game of soccer, a penalty kick is a direct free kick, taken from 12 yards out from the goal on the penalty mark. According to the article “Penalty Kicks in Soccer: An Empirical Analysis of Shooting Strategies and Goalkeeper’s Preferences” (Soccer&Society, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 183–191) by M. Bar-Eli and O. Azar, 85% of penalty kicks placed by professional soccer players are successful. In 15 penalty kicks by professional soccer players, what is the probability that a. all are successful? b. at least 13 are successful? c. Find and interpret the mean and standard deviation of the number of successful penalty kicks out of 15.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...
Algebra
ISBN:9780547587776
Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
what is Research Design, Research Design Types, and Research Design Methods; Author: Educational Hub;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpmGSioXxdo;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY