Concept explainers
To analyze:
The use of the given experiment as a support by the research organization to gain funding. The research proposed by them is the long-term research to develop a continuous pipeline of new drugs and antibiotics.
Given:
In the given experiment, the researchers use a serial transfer for propagating 1,255 population of Escherichia coli in gradually increasing antibiotic (rifampicin) concentration environment.
In the figure B the results of the experiments depicting the percentage of population surviving the antibiotic conditions are shown.
Introduction:
Antibiotic resistance is the phenomena where the bacteria can evade the attack by antibiotics by acquiring drug resistance plasmids and genes through horizontal or lateral gene transfer. The continuous feeding or the gradual increase in antibiotics provides the bacteria a path to accumulate point mutations, undergo genetic recombination and eventually end up becoming a multidrug resistant (MDR) strain.
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EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
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- go to the website https://www.nature.com/immersive/d42859-019-00041-z/index.html and scroll up and down to review the milestones associated with microbiota research. Answer the questions/ prompts below. Bacteria and our brain? Read the information associated with this milestone and what was discovered. Briefly describe what they found...Milestone/year? What milestone is associated with the debate about when the microbiome is first established? Why is there a debate? Watch the video just below the milestone. What specific type of gene analysis was used to determine that we have our own unique microbiome? Which milestone/year? Sometimes we need antibiotics...this milestone discusses how long it can affect us after infection. In this milestone they discussed how long we could be affected by one course of antibiotics...how long? Which milestone/year? Find the milestone associated with a highly motile bacteria. What disease was treated? How was this treatment used for a…arrow_forwardWhich of the following would NOT be a reason that a clinical trial is unethical? a) Researchers are in a state of equipoise for the two treatments under study b) The sample size is very small c) The benefits to participants are outweighed by the potential risks d) The researchers already know that one treatment is better than the otherarrow_forwardCan I have a backgound on the Endosymbiotic theory and evidence. Thank you so much!arrow_forward
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- A. Write a paragraph (~150 words) explaining why bacterial infections have again become a threat. B. Write a paragraph (~150 words) describing the main causes of the antibiotic crisis. C. Write a paragraph (~150 words) describing what pharmaceutical companies could do to address the problem of antibiotic resistance. D. Write a paragraph (~150 words) describing what people at colleges and universities could do to address the problem of antibiotic resistance.arrow_forwardA recent metagenomic study analyzed the microorganisms present on surfaces within the entire subwaysystem of New York City. The researchers found hundreds of bacterial species in the subway, most of themnonpathogenic. Interestingly, almost half of all DNAfound in the subway matches no known organism.a. The scientists found that different subway stationshad characteristic microbiomes. How might thisobservation be useful to the police?b. Because the majority of the subway DNA that couldbe identified was bacterial, the researchers presumethat most of the DNA fragments that could not bematched to a known organism are bacterial. Why doyou think that so many bacterial species are unknownto us? What feature of these unknown bacteriamight prevent us from studying them?arrow_forwardWhat is leading to the development of antibiotic-resistance bacteria? Why should we be concerned?arrow_forward
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