Evolution
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781605356051
Author: Douglas Futuyma, Mark Kirkpatrick
Publisher: SINAUER
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Chapter 1, Problem 6PDT
Summary Introduction
To discuss: The arguments against Owen’s logic given to opposing Darwin’s theory of evolution and changes in different species along with their complexity.
Introduction: Darwin argued that organisms have been continuously evolved from the simplest form to the more complex ones. Unlike Darwin, Richard Owen said that it was God who has designed each species in a special manner and design.
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In lecture we discussed eight (8) lines of evidence that Darwin used to lay out his argument for the fact of evolution in his book On the Origin of Species (1859). Using your materials from lecture and the last chapter of the "Origin" that we read for section, 1) rank order these lines of evidence based on what you find the most to the least compelling. 2) Be sure to describe each of these lines of evidence and 3) discuss how they are, or not, relevant in the early 21st century. (From old pset1)
Evidence
Variation in domesticated species and breeding (artificial selection)
Hierarchical classification (groups nested within groups)
"Unity of type" - modification of the same basic structure (homology)
Evident "fit" of organisms to environments (but imperfections) (adaptation)
Structures without apparent function (vestigial structures)
Similarity of organisms in early phases of development (embryology)
Order in diversity through time in the fossil record (paleontology)
Order in…
how do scientists support the theory of evolution? use the terms evolution, natural selection, vestigial structures, homologous structures, DNA, adaptations and fossil
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- Scientists often talk about the evidence for evolution. Using the five types of evidence listed here, explain how each suggests the occurrence of evolution: 1) structural homologies, 2) molecular homologies, 3) developmental homologies, 4) fossils (general) and 5) transition fossils.arrow_forwardBoth Darwin and Wallace, while observing life on islands, concluded that natural selection is the mechanism for biological evolution. The Hawaiian and nearby islands once had at least 30 species of honeycreeper birds and lived nowhere else on earth. Natural section occurs everywhere in all species. What characteristics of islands allow the outcome of natural selection to be so obvious?arrow_forwardDarwin’s idea on evolution by natural selection has been disproven when it comes to the origin of life because Pasteur discredited spontaneous generation.A) True.B) True, with regards to origin of life only; natural selection applies to later lifeC) False. Pasteur’s experiment discredited ideas that complex organisms (e.g., mice) could arise in weeks or months later from inanimate matter (e.g., cloth) or from other organisms (e.g., grain). Pasteur’s experiment does not discredit the possibility of simple life evolving over billions of yeararrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding Darwin and his theory of evolution is false?arrow_forwardThe two revolutionary hypotheses proposed by Darwin in On the Origin of Species were descent with modification and natural selection as the main mechanism of evolution. How did Darwin’s ideas contrast with the prevailing notions of the origins of species at the time?arrow_forwardThe theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories: 1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time 2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. 3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates. 4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics. 5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…arrow_forward
- The theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories: 1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time 2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. 3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates. 4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics. 5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…arrow_forwardThe theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories: 1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time 2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. 3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates. 4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics. 5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…arrow_forwardThe theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories: 1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time 2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. 3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates. 4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics. 5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…arrow_forward
- The theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories: 1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time 2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. 3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates. 4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics. 5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…arrow_forwardThe theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories: 1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time 2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. 3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates. 4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics. 5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…arrow_forwardWhat was missing in Darwin’s explanation of evolution by natural selection? How does the modern synthesis fill this gap?arrow_forward
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