Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781305627482
Author: Carlos Coronel, Steven Morris
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 10, Problem 11P
Program Plan Intro
Pessimistic locking:
It is one of the locking methods in concurrency control. The lock exists in the transaction until the transaction gets committed or rolled back.
Two-phase locking protocol:
It defined the serializability of the transaction but not prevent deadlocks. The process of locking and unlocking can be done using two phases in this protocol. They are: Growing phase and shrinking phase.
Growing phase:
New lock can be occurred on the transaction without unlocking the data items. The data items are locked in this phase.
Shrinking phase:
This phase used to release all transaction but not provide new lock on the transaction.
Row-level lock granularity:
This row-level locking process used to lock the single row in the table. It is used to improve the availability of data and involving in transaction conflict.
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Show that the two-phase locking protocol ensures conflict serializability and that transactions can be serialized according to their lock points.
What does it mean for a database to be in a stable state? While the database management system may give a symbolic meaning for a transaction, there is no assurance that it faithfully captures the underlying real-world event. What consequences may be expected if this ban were implemented? Explain your point using an illustration. Should we take at face value the apparent meaning of the phrase "serializable transactions"?
How does two-phase locking ensure serializability in a multi-transaction environment? Provide a step-by-step explanation.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management
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- Is a stable database state possible, and if so, how can it be achieved? There is no guarantee that the transaction's symbolic meaning accurately captures the underlying real-world event, and this is where the DBMS fails. Exactly what are the ramifications of such a ban? Give an illustration of what you mean. Does the term "serializable transactions" really mean what it appears to?arrow_forwardWhat is a stable database state, and how is it achieved?The DBMS gives no guarantee that the symbolic notion of the transaction appropriately matches the underlying real-world event.What are the possible consequences of the restriction? Please provide an example. What exactly is meant by "serializable transactions"?arrow_forwardWhy is the "two-phase locking" protocol significant in ensuring transaction consistency?arrow_forward
- What does it mean for a database to be in a stable state? The database management system does not ensure that the transaction's symbolic meaning appropriately reflects the underlying real-world event. What would be the repercussions of such a ban? Using a concrete illustration, clarify your meaning. Does the word "serializable transactions" imply what it seems to mean?arrow_forwardConsider a multi-granularity locking system, with lock modes S, X, IS, IX, and SIX as in lecture and database-level, file-level, page-level and record-level locking as shown in the following figure. Provide the sequence of lock requests required to perform the following transactions and write necessary complete Lock and Unlock operations in their correct order. T3 want to read all pages in F1 and modify about 10 pages, which can be identified only after reading F1.(MY ANSWER) Lock-SIX(DB); Lock-S(F1); Lock-X(P1); Lock-X(P1000); Unlock(P1000); Unlock(P1); Unlock(F1); Unlock(DB); is it corect? ………………………………………………………………………………………arrow_forwardUsing sample schedules, demonstrate how the phantom issue might occur when key-value locking is utilized. -> Explain using example schedules how key-value locking can cause the phantom issue to go undiscovered.arrow_forward
- What does it mean to have a stable database state, and how does one achieve it? The DBMS gives no guarantee that the symbolic meaning of the transaction appropriately represents the underlying real-world event. What are the consequences of such a restriction? Describe an example. What exactly is meant by "serializable transactions"?arrow_forwardCan you define a database's stable state? The symbolic significance of the transaction may differ from its actual occurrence in the database management system. To what extent would a prohibition be felt? Give an instance to illustrate your point. Is there really anything to "serializable transactions"?arrow_forwardWhat does a stable database state include, and how is it attained? The DBMS does not ensure that the transaction's symbolic meaning accurately reflects the underlying real-world event. What effects might such a limitation have? Give an instance. What does the term "serializable transactions" really mean?arrow_forward
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