Accounting For Governmental & Nonprofit Entities
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781259917059
Author: RECK, Jacqueline L., Lowensohn, Suzanne L., NEELY, Daniel G.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 10, Problem 17.8EP
To determine
Identify the factors of bond rating used by the rating agencies.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Identify and critically appraise how the rating agency makes
connections between the overall debt level of your country,
external debt, inflation, institutional resistance and other
macroeconomic factors, and the overall rating.
Ratings issued by Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (NRSROs)
are unrelated to the yield of the instrument.
are issued for all debt securities except for any government issued securities.
are based on the issue's default risk.
are influenced by the issue's liquidity risk.
Rating agencies—such as Standard & Poor’s (S&P) and Moody’s Investor Service—assign credit ratings to bonds based on both quantitative and qualitative factors. These ratings are considered indicators of the issuer’s default risk, which impacts the bond’s interest rate and the issuer’s cost of debt capital.Based on these ratings, bonds are classified into investment-grade bonds and junk bonds. Which of the following bonds is likely to be classified as an investment-grade bond?A bond with 30% return on capital, total debt to total capital of 15%, and 6% yieldA bond with 10% return on capital, total debt to total capital of 85%, and 13% yieldYou heard that rating agencies have upgraded a bond’s rating. The yield on the bond is likely to , and the bond’s price will .Assume you make the following investments:• A $10,000 investment in a 10-year T-bond that has a yield of 5.00%• A $20,000 investment in a 10-year corporate bond with an AA rating and a yield of 6.50%Based…
Chapter 10 Solutions
Accounting For Governmental & Nonprofit Entities
Ch. 10 - The GASB indicates that economic condition is...Ch. 10 - What is the Financial Trend Monitoring System and...Ch. 10 - The International City/County Management...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4QCh. 10 - Prob. 5QCh. 10 - Prob. 6QCh. 10 - Prob. 7QCh. 10 - Illustration 104, adapted front Crawford and...Ch. 10 - What is EMMA and when would someone want to use...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 10 - Prob. 11QCh. 10 - Prob. 17.1EPCh. 10 - Which of the following terms or concepts focuses...Ch. 10 - Prob. 17.3EPCh. 10 - Prob. 17.4EPCh. 10 - Prob. 17.5EPCh. 10 - Prob. 17.6EPCh. 10 - Prob. 17.7EPCh. 10 - Prob. 17.8EPCh. 10 - Prob. 17.9EPCh. 10 - Prob. 17.10EPCh. 10 - Prob. 17.11EPCh. 10 - Which of the following would be considered a sign...Ch. 10 - Prob. 17.13EPCh. 10 - Prob. 17.14EPCh. 10 - What is Electronic Municipal Market Access, or...Ch. 10 - Prob. 18EPCh. 10 - Examine the following tables from the Financial...Ch. 10 - Prob. 20EPCh. 10 - Prob. 21EP
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Sergei Leenid, CFA, is a long-only fi xed income portfolio manager for the Parliament Funds.He has developed a quantitative model, based on fi nancial statement data, to predict changesin the credit ratings assigned to corporate bond issues. Before applying the model, Leenid fi rstperforms a screening process to exclude bonds that fail to meet certain criteria relative to theircredit rating. Existing holdings that fail to pass the initial screen are individually reviewed forpotential disposition. Bonds that pass the screening process are evaluated using the quantitative model to identify potential rating changes.Leenid is concerned that a pending change in accounting rules could aff ect the results ofthe initial screening process. One current screen excludes bonds when the fi nancial leverage ratio (equity multiplier) exceeds a given level and/or the interest coverage ratio falls below a givenlevel for a given bond rating. For example, any “A” rated bond of a company with a fi nancial…arrow_forwardMatilda has recently been appointed as an analyst within the Waltzing Investment Co. Part of her role is to advise fund managers on the fixed income portion of their portfolio. a. One of Matilda’s colleagues suggests that analyzing the bonds issued by foreign governments is more complex than for the bonds issued by domestic corporate bonds. The colleague states that this difficulty is a result of the intangible and non-quantitative elements involved in analyzing the foreign bonds. Discuss whether you agree with this argument.arrow_forwardBased upon risk, which of the following financial assets is likely to have the highest required rate of return? Select one: A. A corporate bond B. A U.S. Treasury bill C. A bank certificate of deposit D. A share of common stockarrow_forward
- Financial instruments are assets that have a monetary value or record a monetary transaction. To coordinate the exchange of capital between borrowers and lenders, financial instruments trade in the financial markets. These financial instruments can be categorized on the basis of their issuers, maturity, risk, and other factors. Identify the financial instruments based on the following descriptions. Backed by the U.S. government, these financial instruments are short-term debt obligations with a maturity of less than one year. They are considered risk-free investments. State and local government bonds, U.S. Tresury, U.S. Tresury notes and bonds Issued by money-centered financial firms, these short- or medium-term insured debt instruments pay higher interest than a regular savings account. They are low-risk instruments and have low returns. Money Market Mutual Funds, Certificates of Deposit, Commercial Paper These financial instruments are investment pools that buy such…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the basis for fixing the price of securities in the financial market? a. Government b. Demand and Supply in the Market c. Seller of the Financial Instrument d. The issuer of the Instrumentsarrow_forwardTwo depository institutions have composite CAMELS ratings of 1 or 2 and are "well capitalized." Thus, each institution falls into the FDIC Risk Category I deposit insurance assessment scheme. Further, the institutions have the following financial ratios and CAMELS ratings: Use Table 13–11. Institution A Institution B Tier I leverage ratio (%) 8.80 7.93 Net income before taxes/risk-weighted assets (%) 2.33 1.95 Nonperforming loans and leases/gross assets (%) 0.53 0.68 Other real estate owned/gross assets (%) 0.15 0.45 Brokered deposits/total assets (%) 3.75 1.05 One year asset growth 7.35 4.65 Loans as a Percentage of Total Assets: Construction & Development 0.00 0.00 Commercial & Industrial 18.36 11.40 Leases 2.05 1.75 Other Consumer 18.85 18.55 Loans to Foreign Government 0.30 0.30 Real Estate Loans Residual 0.00 0.00…arrow_forward
- Conside the following shocks to the bond market: (A) an increase in perceived risk, (B) an increase in the government deficit. Explain how the above shocks to the bond market affect the money market. Show your findings graphically, making sure that all is labeled correctly.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a main core function of the financial system?a. Provide a payments system for the exchange of goods and services.b. Provide mechanisms to separate funds for smaller-scale investmentc. Provide the channels to transfer funds and economic resources across industriesd. Provide ways to manage uncertainty and mitigate risk According to the market segmentation theory of the term structure,a. the interest rate for bonds of one maturity is determined by the supply and demand for bonds of that maturity.b. bonds of one maturity are not substitutes for bonds of other maturities; therefore, interest rates on bonds of different maturities do not move together over time.c. investors' strong preference for short-term relative to long-term bonds explains why yield curves typically slope downward.d. only A and B of the above. Costs associated with the correspondent bank process include:a. Interestb. Currency conversion spreadc. Reputation costsd. Payroll costsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is most true? The nominal rate of a government long-term security can be used as a proxy for the real risk free rate. A direct relationship is exhibited between the investors’ willingness to supply funds and the interest rates of securities. Finance managers tend to favor more on long-term financing if the nation’s Gross Domestic Product is expected to contract. Maturity risk premium is always included in the nominal rate of any corporate security since corporations are perceived as less riskier than government.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is false? A. Internal controls are the processes by which the firm ensures that it presents accurate financial statements. B. Greenfield investments provide uncertain cash flows with high yields and high growth potential. C. Footnotes allow investors or any users to improve their assessments of the amount, timing, and uncertainty of the estimates reported in financial statements. D. Secondary markets are the markets in which existing, already outstanding securities are traded among investors.arrow_forwardTo what extent does the company’s bond issuance policies support or hinder their strategies? For example, if the company is attempting to fund operating expenses, refinance old debt, or change its capital structure, are they issuing sufficient bonds to achieve these goals? Be sure to substantiate claims.arrow_forwardAnalysts have suggested the management of a company to follow different annuity and perpetuity concepts while issuing and evaluating their bonds so that best options would be chosen while issuing new securities. Therefore there is also need to explain these concepts before Board of Directors to get in depth understanding of calculation of intrinsic value of securities by using different types of annuities as well as perpetuity plans. Q) Explain different types of Annuity and perpetuity concept with appropriate examples.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Auditing: A Risk Based-Approach (MindTap Course L...AccountingISBN:9781337619455Author:Karla M Johnstone, Audrey A. Gramling, Larry E. RittenbergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Auditing: A Risk Based-Approach to Conducting a Q...AccountingISBN:9781305080577Author:Karla M Johnstone, Audrey A. Gramling, Larry E. RittenbergPublisher:South-Western College Pub
Auditing: A Risk Based-Approach (MindTap Course L...
Accounting
ISBN:9781337619455
Author:Karla M Johnstone, Audrey A. Gramling, Larry E. Rittenberg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Auditing: A Risk Based-Approach to Conducting a Q...
Accounting
ISBN:9781305080577
Author:Karla M Johnstone, Audrey A. Gramling, Larry E. Rittenberg
Publisher:South-Western College Pub