The terms that describe abnormalities in the blood. Concept introduction: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. It mainly consists of four types of cells namely red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and platelets. All the blood cells differentiates from the red bone marrow.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To define: The terms that describe abnormalities in the blood.

Concept introduction: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. It mainly consists of four types of cells namely red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and platelets. All the blood cells differentiates from the red bone marrow.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The terms that describe abnormalities in the blood are given below:

1. Anemia: Anemia is a condition in which the total number of red blood cells in the blood circulation is reduced, or there is a change in the structure and number of hemoglobin.
2. Iron-deficiency anemia: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia that occurs due to lack of iron.
3. Pernicious anemia: Pernicious anemia (PA) is the most common type of macrocytic anemia that is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin). Pernicious means highly destructive or injurious.
4. Aplastic anemia: It is a condition that occurs due to damage to the bone marrow. This decreases the count of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets in the blood that is, all the cells that differentiate from the bone marrow.
5. Hemolytic anemia: It is a condition that results from hemolysis or excessive destruction of red blood cellss.
6. Sickle cell anemia: It is a genetic condition of the red blood cells, wherein the shape of the red blood cells becomes sickle shaped. They cannot carry adequate oxygen to different parts of the body. It is caused due to the mutation in the gene, which is responsible for the production of hemoglobin.
7. Thalassemia: It is an inherited blood disorder that is characterized by fewer counts of red blood cells and hemoglobin.
8. Hemophilia A: Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder that impairs the clotting of blood in affected individuals. It mainly affects males; however, females are never affected by this disorder as they are carriers. It is caused by mutation in the clotting factor VIII genes.
9. von Willebrand disease: It is most common genetic blood-clotting disorder that is characterized by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor.
10. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): It is a condition that is characterized by excessive bleeding and excessive clotting.
11. Thrombophilia: It is a group of acquired or inherited disorder that is characterized by excessive red blood cells or excessive platelets in the blood.
12. Thrombocytopenia: It is condition that is characterized by low blood platelet count. It may be genetically inherited or may be triggered by a number of condition and medications.
13. Leukemia: It is the cancer of blood cells, in which the counts of white blood cells are increased. The exact cause of this condition is not known; however, it may develop from the combination of environmental and genetic factors. Leukemia occurs when deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the immature white blood cells is damaged, which leads the blood cells to grow and divide constantly.
14. Polycythemia: It is a condition in which the count of erythrocytes and other cells in the bone marrow is increased.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To define: The terms that describe abnormalities in the blood.

Concept introduction: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. It mainly consists of four types of cells namely red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and platelets. All the blood cells differentiates from the red bone marrow.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The terms that describe abnormalities in the blood are given below:

1. Anemia: Anemia is a condition in which the total number of red blood cells in the blood circulation is reduced, or there is a change in the structure and number of hemoglobin.
2. Iron-deficiency anemia: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia that occurs due to lack of iron.
3. Pernicious anemia: Pernicious anemia (PA) is the most common type of macrocytic anemia that is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin). Pernicious means highly destructive or injurious.
4. Aplastic anemia: It is a condition that occurs due to damage to the bone marrow. This decreases the count of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets in the blood that is, all the cells that differentiate from the bone marrow.
5. Hemolytic anemia: It is a condition that results from hemolysis or excessive destruction of red blood cellss.
6. Sickle cell anemia: It is a genetic condition of the red blood cells, wherein the shape of the red blood cells becomes sickle shaped. They cannot carry adequate oxygen to different parts of the body. It is caused due to the mutation in the gene, which is responsible for the production of hemoglobin.
7. Thalassemia: It is an inherited blood disorder that is characterized by fewer counts of red blood cells and hemoglobin.
8. Hemophilia A: Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder that impairs the clotting of blood in affected individuals. It mainly affects males; however, females are never affected by this disorder as they are carriers. It is caused by mutation in the clotting factor VIII genes.
9. von Willebrand disease: It is most common genetic blood-clotting disorder that is characterized by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor.
10. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): It is a condition that is characterized by excessive bleeding and excessive clotting.
11. Thrombophilia: It is a group of acquired or inherited disorder that is characterized by excessive red blood cells or excessive platelets in the blood.
12. Thrombocytopenia: It is condition that is characterized by low blood platelet count. It may be genetically inherited or may be triggered by a number of condition and medications.
13. Leukemia: It is the cancer of blood cells, in which the counts of white blood cells are increased. The exact cause of this condition is not known; however, it may develop from the combination of environmental and genetic factors. Leukemia occurs when deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the immature white blood cells is damaged, which leads the blood cells to grow and divide constantly.
14. Polycythemia: It is a condition in which the count of erythrocytes and other cells in the bone marrow is increased.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To define: The terms that describe abnormalities in the blood.

Concept introduction: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. It mainly consists of four types of cells namely red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and platelets. All the blood cells differentiates from the red bone marrow.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The terms that describe abnormalities in the blood are given below:

1. Anemia: Anemia is a condition in which the total number of red blood cells in the blood circulation is reduced, or there is a change in the structure and number of hemoglobin.
2. Iron-deficiency anemia: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia that occurs due to lack of iron.
3. Pernicious anemia: Pernicious anemia (PA) is the most common type of macrocytic anemia that is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin). Pernicious means highly destructive or injurious.
4. Aplastic anemia: It is a condition that occurs due to damage to the bone marrow. This decreases the count of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets in the blood that is, all the cells that differentiate from the bone marrow.
5. Hemolytic anemia: It is a condition that results from hemolysis or excessive destruction of red blood cellss.
6. Sickle cell anemia: It is a genetic condition of the red blood cells, wherein the shape of the red blood cells becomes sickle shaped. They cannot carry adequate oxygen to different parts of the body. It is caused due to the mutation in the gene, which is responsible for the production of hemoglobin.
7. Thalassemia: It is an inherited blood disorder that is characterized by fewer counts of red blood cells and hemoglobin.
8. Hemophilia A: Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder that impairs the clotting of blood in affected individuals. It mainly affects males; however, females are never affected by this disorder as they are carriers. It is caused by mutation in the clotting factor VIII genes.
9. von Willebrand disease: It is most common genetic blood-clotting disorder that is characterized by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor.
10. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): It is a condition that is characterized by excessive bleeding and excessive clotting.
11. Thrombophilia: It is a group of acquired or inherited disorder that is characterized by excessive red blood cells or excessive platelets in the blood.
12. Thrombocytopenia: It is condition that is characterized by low blood platelet count. It may be genetically inherited or may be triggered by a number of condition and medications.
13. Leukemia: It is the cancer of blood cells, in which the counts of white blood cells are increased. The exact cause of this condition is not known; however, it may develop from the combination of environmental and genetic factors. Leukemia occurs when deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the immature white blood cells is damaged, which leads the blood cells to grow and divide constantly.
14. Polycythemia: It is a condition in which the count of erythrocytes and other cells in the bone marrow is increased.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To define: The terms that describe abnormalities in the blood.

Concept introduction: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. It mainly consists of four types of cells namely red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and platelets. All the blood cells differentiates from the red bone marrow.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The terms that describe abnormalities in the blood are given below:

1. Anemia: Anemia is a condition in which the total number of red blood cells in the blood circulation is reduced, or there is a change in the structure and number of hemoglobin.
2. Iron-deficiency anemia: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia that occurs due to lack of iron.
3. Pernicious anemia: Pernicious anemia (PA) is the most common type of macrocytic anemia that is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin). Pernicious means highly destructive or injurious.
4. Aplastic anemia: It is a condition that occurs due to damage to the bone marrow. This decreases the count of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets in the blood that is, all the cells that differentiate from the bone marrow.
5. Hemolytic anemia: It is a condition that results from hemolysis or excessive destruction of red blood cellss.
6. Sickle cell anemia: It is a genetic condition of the red blood cells, wherein the shape of the red blood cells becomes sickle shaped. They cannot carry adequate oxygen to different parts of the body. It is caused due to the mutation in the gene, which is responsible for the production of hemoglobin.
7. Thalassemia: It is an inherited blood disorder that is characterized by fewer counts of red blood cells and hemoglobin.
8. Hemophilia A: Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder that impairs the clotting of blood in affected individuals. It mainly affects males; however, females are never affected by this disorder as they are carriers. It is caused by mutation in the clotting factor VIII genes.
9. von Willebrand disease: It is most common genetic blood-clotting disorder that is characterized by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor.
10. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): It is a condition that is characterized by excessive bleeding and excessive clotting.
11. Thrombophilia: It is a group of acquired or inherited disorder that is characterized by excessive red blood cells or excessive platelets in the blood.
12. Thrombocytopenia: It is condition that is characterized by low blood platelet count. It may be genetically inherited or may be triggered by a number of condition and medications.
13. Leukemia: It is the cancer of blood cells, in which the counts of white blood cells are increased. The exact cause of this condition is not known; however, it may develop from the combination of environmental and genetic factors. Leukemia occurs when deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the immature white blood cells is damaged, which leads the blood cells to grow and divide constantly.
14. Polycythemia: It is a condition in which the count of erythrocytes and other cells in the bone marrow is increased.

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Answer 5

Chapter 10, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To define: The terms that describe abnormalities in the blood.

Concept introduction: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. It mainly consists of four types of cells namely red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and platelets. All the blood cells differentiates from the red bone marrow.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The terms that describe abnormalities in the blood are given below:

1. Anemia: Anemia is a condition in which the total number of red blood cells in the blood circulation is reduced, or there is a change in the structure and number of hemoglobin.
2. Iron-deficiency anemia: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia that occurs due to lack of iron.
3. Pernicious anemia: Pernicious anemia (PA) is the most common type of macrocytic anemia that is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin). Pernicious means highly destructive or injurious.
4. Aplastic anemia: It is a condition that occurs due to damage to the bone marrow. This decreases the count of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets in the blood that is, all the cells that differentiate from the bone marrow.
5. Hemolytic anemia: It is a condition that results from hemolysis or excessive destruction of red blood cellss.
6. Sickle cell anemia: It is a genetic condition of the red blood cells, wherein the shape of the red blood cells becomes sickle shaped. They cannot carry adequate oxygen to different parts of the body. It is caused due to the mutation in the gene, which is responsible for the production of hemoglobin.
7. Thalassemia: It is an inherited blood disorder that is characterized by fewer counts of red blood cells and hemoglobin.
8. Hemophilia A: Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder that impairs the clotting of blood in affected individuals. It mainly affects males; however, females are never affected by this disorder as they are carriers. It is caused by mutation in the clotting factor VIII genes.
9. von Willebrand disease: It is most common genetic blood-clotting disorder that is characterized by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor.
10. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): It is a condition that is characterized by excessive bleeding and excessive clotting.
11. Thrombophilia: It is a group of acquired or inherited disorder that is characterized by excessive red blood cells or excessive platelets in the blood.
12. Thrombocytopenia: It is condition that is characterized by low blood platelet count. It may be genetically inherited or may be triggered by a number of condition and medications.
13. Leukemia: It is the cancer of blood cells, in which the counts of white blood cells are increased. The exact cause of this condition is not known; however, it may develop from the combination of environmental and genetic factors. Leukemia occurs when deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the immature white blood cells is damaged, which leads the blood cells to grow and divide constantly.
14. Polycythemia: It is a condition in which the count of erythrocytes and other cells in the bone marrow is increased.

Answer 6

Chapter 10, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To define: The terms that describe abnormalities in the blood.

Concept introduction: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. It mainly consists of four types of cells namely red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and platelets. All the blood cells differentiates from the red bone marrow.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The terms that describe abnormalities in the blood are given below:

1. Anemia: Anemia is a condition in which the total number of red blood cells in the blood circulation is reduced, or there is a change in the structure and number of hemoglobin.
2. Iron-deficiency anemia: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia that occurs due to lack of iron.
3. Pernicious anemia: Pernicious anemia (PA) is the most common type of macrocytic anemia that is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin). Pernicious means highly destructive or injurious.
4. Aplastic anemia: It is a condition that occurs due to damage to the bone marrow. This decreases the count of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets in the blood that is, all the cells that differentiate from the bone marrow.
5. Hemolytic anemia: It is a condition that results from hemolysis or excessive destruction of red blood cellss.
6. Sickle cell anemia: It is a genetic condition of the red blood cells, wherein the shape of the red blood cells becomes sickle shaped. They cannot carry adequate oxygen to different parts of the body. It is caused due to the mutation in the gene, which is responsible for the production of hemoglobin.
7. Thalassemia: It is an inherited blood disorder that is characterized by fewer counts of red blood cells and hemoglobin.
8. Hemophilia A: Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder that impairs the clotting of blood in affected individuals. It mainly affects males; however, females are never affected by this disorder as they are carriers. It is caused by mutation in the clotting factor VIII genes.
9. von Willebrand disease: It is most common genetic blood-clotting disorder that is characterized by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor.
10. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): It is a condition that is characterized by excessive bleeding and excessive clotting.
11. Thrombophilia: It is a group of acquired or inherited disorder that is characterized by excessive red blood cells or excessive platelets in the blood.
12. Thrombocytopenia: It is condition that is characterized by low blood platelet count. It may be genetically inherited or may be triggered by a number of condition and medications.
13. Leukemia: It is the cancer of blood cells, in which the counts of white blood cells are increased. The exact cause of this condition is not known; however, it may develop from the combination of environmental and genetic factors. Leukemia occurs when deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the immature white blood cells is damaged, which leads the blood cells to grow and divide constantly.
14. Polycythemia: It is a condition in which the count of erythrocytes and other cells in the bone marrow is increased.

Answer 7

Chapter 10, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To define: The terms that describe abnormalities in the blood.

Concept introduction: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. It mainly consists of four types of cells namely red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and platelets. All the blood cells differentiates from the red bone marrow.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The terms that describe abnormalities in the blood are given below:

1. Anemia: Anemia is a condition in which the total number of red blood cells in the blood circulation is reduced, or there is a change in the structure and number of hemoglobin.
2. Iron-deficiency anemia: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia that occurs due to lack of iron.
3. Pernicious anemia: Pernicious anemia (PA) is the most common type of macrocytic anemia that is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin). Pernicious means highly destructive or injurious.
4. Aplastic anemia: It is a condition that occurs due to damage to the bone marrow. This decreases the count of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets in the blood that is, all the cells that differentiate from the bone marrow.
5. Hemolytic anemia: It is a condition that results from hemolysis or excessive destruction of red blood cellss.
6. Sickle cell anemia: It is a genetic condition of the red blood cells, wherein the shape of the red blood cells becomes sickle shaped. They cannot carry adequate oxygen to different parts of the body. It is caused due to the mutation in the gene, which is responsible for the production of hemoglobin.
7. Thalassemia: It is an inherited blood disorder that is characterized by fewer counts of red blood cells and hemoglobin.
8. Hemophilia A: Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder that impairs the clotting of blood in affected individuals. It mainly affects males; however, females are never affected by this disorder as they are carriers. It is caused by mutation in the clotting factor VIII genes.
9. von Willebrand disease: It is most common genetic blood-clotting disorder that is characterized by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor.
10. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): It is a condition that is characterized by excessive bleeding and excessive clotting.
11. Thrombophilia: It is a group of acquired or inherited disorder that is characterized by excessive red blood cells or excessive platelets in the blood.
12. Thrombocytopenia: It is condition that is characterized by low blood platelet count. It may be genetically inherited or may be triggered by a number of condition and medications.
13. Leukemia: It is the cancer of blood cells, in which the counts of white blood cells are increased. The exact cause of this condition is not known; however, it may develop from the combination of environmental and genetic factors. Leukemia occurs when deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the immature white blood cells is damaged, which leads the blood cells to grow and divide constantly.
14. Polycythemia: It is a condition in which the count of erythrocytes and other cells in the bone marrow is increased.