Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Interpretformal charge on central O present in
Concept introduction:
Formal charge is the charge present on the bonded atom in the covalent molecule. Formal charge can be determined as:
Here:
- FC = Formal charge on bonded atom.
- VE = Valence electrons present in octet of the bonded atom.
- LE = Total number of lone electrons on bonded atom.
- Bond pair = Total number of bonds linked to the atom.
(b)
Interpretation:
Interpretformal charge on Al present in
Concept introduction:
Formal charge is the charge present on the bonded atom in the covalent molecule. Formal charge can be determined as:
Here:
- FC = Formal charge on bonded atom.
- VE = Valence electrons present in octet of the bonded atom.
- LE = Total number of lone electrons on bonded atom.
- Bond pair = Total number of bonds linked to the atom.
(c)
Interpretation:
Interpretformal charge on Cl present in
Concept introduction:
Formal charge is the charge present on the bonded atom in the covalent molecule. Formal charge can be determined as:
Here:
- FC = Formal charge on bonded atom.
- VE = Valence electrons present in octet of the bonded atom.
- LE = Total number of lone electrons on bonded atom.
- Bond pair = Total number of bonds linked to the atom.
(d)
Interpretation:
Interpretformal charge on Si present in
Concept introduction:
Formal charge is the charge present on the bonded atom in the covalent molecule. Formal charge can be determined as:
Here:
- FC = Formal charge on bonded atom.
- VE = Valence electrons present in octet of the bonded atom.
- LE = Total number of lone electrons on bonded atom.
- Bond pair = Total number of bonds linked to the atom.
(e)
Interpretation:
Interpretformal charge on Cl present in
Concept introduction:
Formal charge is the charge present on the bonded atom in the covalent molecule. Formal charge can be determined as:
Here:
- FC = Formal charge on bonded atom.
- VE = Valence electrons present in octet of the bonded atom.
- LE = Total number of lone electrons on bonded atom.
- Bond pair = Total number of bonds linked to the atom.
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EBK GENERAL CHEMISTRY
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- Use bond energies (table 3-3), values of electron affinities (table 2-7), and the ionization energy of hydrogen (1312 kJ/mol) to estimate ∆E for each of the following reactions.a. HF(g) → H+(g) + F−(g)b. HCl(g) → H+(g) + Cl−(g)c. HI(g) → H+(g)+I−(g)d. H2O(g) → H+(g) + OH−(g)(Electron affinity of OH(g) = −180. kJ/mol.)arrow_forwardWhich statement is false given the following Lewis structures? Structure III is a valid structure for PF4 because P can expand its octet. Structure I is a valid structure for BBr3 because B (n=2) needs an octet of electrons. Structure II is a valid structure for SeH2 because H needs a duet of electrons. Structure IV is a valid structure for AsO43- because As can expand its octet.arrow_forwardThe structure of nitric acid (HNO3), shown below, is incorrect. Which of the following statements, or combin statements, best describes the reason? The structure should have a +1 formal charge. oo many valence electrons in the molecule. e central Natom violates the octet rule. central N atom does not have a lone pair. HO :0=2arrow_forward
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