Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 21RQ
The muscles of a professional marathon runner are most likely to have ________.
- 80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
- 20 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 80 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
- 50 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 50 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
- 40 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 60 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
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The muscles of a professional sprinter are most likely to have ________.a. 80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibersb. 20 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 80 percent slow-twitch muscle fibersc. 50 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 50 percent slow-twitch muscle fibersd. 40 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 60 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
Skeletal muscle cells have the ability to do all of the following EXCEPT _____.
activating other muscle cells to contract
producing force while shortening
responding to chemicals released by nerve cells
rebounding to their former length after being stretched
Explain the following two statements: Muscles can only actively contract; muscle fibers lengthen passively.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 10 - Watch this video...Ch. 10 - Every skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor...Ch. 10 - The release of calcium ions initiates muscle...Ch. 10 - Muscle that has a striped appearance is described...Ch. 10 - Which element is important in directly Triggering...Ch. 10 - Which of the following properties is not common to...Ch. 10 - The correct order for the smallest to the largest...Ch. 10 - Depolarization of the sarcolemma means ________....Ch. 10 - In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on...Ch. 10 - According to the sliding filament model, binding...
Ch. 10 - The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called...Ch. 10 - Muscle relaxation occurs when ________. calcium...Ch. 10 - During muscle contraction, the cross-bridge...Ch. 10 - Thin and thick filaments are organized into...Ch. 10 - During which phase of a twitch in a muscle fiber...Ch. 10 - Muscle fatigue is caused by ________. buildup of...Ch. 10 - A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner...Ch. 10 - What aspect of creatine phosphate allows it to...Ch. 10 - Dmg X blocks ATP regeneration from ADP and...Ch. 10 - The muscles of a professional sprinter are most...Ch. 10 - The muscles of a professional marathon runner are...Ch. 10 - Which of the following statements is true? Fast...Ch. 10 - Which of the following statements is false? Slow...Ch. 10 - Cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscles in...Ch. 10 - If cardiac muscle cells were prevented from...Ch. 10 - Smooth muscles differ from skeletal and cardiac...Ch. 10 - Which of the following statements describes smooth...Ch. 10 - From which embryonic cell type does muscle tissue...Ch. 10 - Which cell type helps to repair injured muscle...Ch. 10 - Why is elasticity an important quality of muscle...Ch. 10 - What would happen to skeletal muscle if the...Ch. 10 - Describe how tendons facilitate body movement.Ch. 10 - What are the five primary functions of skeletal...Ch. 10 - What are the opposite roles of voltage-gated...Ch. 10 - How would muscle contractions be affected if...Ch. 10 - What causes the striated appearance of skeletal...Ch. 10 - How would muscle contractions be affected if ATP...Ch. 10 - Why does a motor unit of the eye have few muscle...Ch. 10 - What factors contribute to the amount of tension...Ch. 10 - Why do muscle cells use creatine phosphate instead...Ch. 10 - Is aerobic respiration more or less efficient than...Ch. 10 - What changes occur at the cellular level in...Ch. 10 - What changes occur at the cellular level in...Ch. 10 - What would be the drawback of cardiac contractions...Ch. 10 - How are cardiac muscle cells similar to and...Ch. 10 - Why can smooth muscles conn act over a wider range...Ch. 10 - Describe the differences between single-unit...Ch. 10 - Why is muscle that has sustained significant...Ch. 10 - Which muscle type(s) (skeletal, smooth, or...
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- The muscles of a professional sprinter are most likely to have ________. 80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers 20 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 80 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers 50 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 50 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers 40 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 60 percent slow-twitch muscle fibersarrow_forwardSkeletal muscle contraction requires _________. a. calcium ions b. ATP c. arrival of a nerve impulse d. all of the abovearrow_forwardAfter death, a person no longer makes ATP, so calcium stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum diffuses down its concentration gradient into the muscle cytoplasm. This result is rigor mortis----an unbreakable state of muscle contraction that stiffens the body for a few days until muscles begin to decay. Explain why this contraction occurs.arrow_forward
- Why do you think a person is able to perform anaerobic exercise (such as lifting and holding a heavy weight) only briefly but can sustain aerobic exercise (such as walking or swimming) for long periods? (Hint: Muscles have limited energy stores.)arrow_forwardYou are training athletes for the 100-meter dash. They need muscles specialized for speed and strength, not endurance. What muscle characteristics would your training regimen aim to develop? How would you alter it to train a long-distance swimmer?arrow_forwardThe _____ is the basic unit of muscle contraction. a. myofibril b. sarcomere c. muscle fiber d. myosin filamentarrow_forward
- In the diagram below, label the fine structure of a muscle, down to one of its myofibrils. Identify the basic unit of contraction in a myofibril.arrow_forwardNerve impulses first stimulate a skeletal muscle fiber at _______. a. T tubules b. sarcomeres c. neuromuscular junctions d. actin binding sitesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is arranged in order from smallest tolargest?a. Motor unit < sarcomere < muscle cell < actin subunitb. Muscle cell < actin subunit < sarcomere < motor unitc. Actin subunit < sarcomere < muscle cell < motor unitd. Sarcomere < motor unit < actin subunit < muscle cellarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements regarding contraction of skeletal muscle cells is NOT true: (more than one answer may be correct) the myofibrils shorten the thick and thin filaments slide past one another the thin filaments shorten the sarcomeres shorten the thick filaments shortenarrow_forwardWhich of the following skeletal muscle fiber types would have the fastest contractions and the greatest ability to develop tension or force? Fast glycolytic Slow oxidative-glycolytic Slow oxidative Fast oxidative-glycolyticarrow_forwardIdenttidy which among the list represents the hierarchy of muscle structure from the largest unit to the smallest? A.muscle fiber → myofibril → sarcomere → filaments B.sarcomere → myofibril → filaments → muscle fiber C.muscle fiber → sarcomere → myofibril → filaments D. myofibril → muscle fiber → sarcomere → filamentsarrow_forward
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