Concept explainers
Basis for Conclusions Case 2: The Lower of Cost or Market - U.S. GAAP, IFRS
Reprinted from the Ernst & Young Academic Resource Center with permission of the Ernst & Young Foundation. Copyright 2014, All rights reserved.
Scene 1
Both IFRS and U.S. GAAP require that firms report Inventory at the lower of cost or market. What is the basic principle/characteristic behind this standard that results in this “lower” reporting approach (asset write-down)?
Scene 2
Read the objectives for IFRS (IASC, International Accounting Standard 2. paragraph 1) and U.S. GAAP (FASB ASC 330-10-10-1).
Based upon what is stated in these objectives, which set of standards is more concerned with the balance sheet presentation of inventories?
Scene 3
Do you think that the reversal of a write-down of inventory does a better job of accurately reflecting the information related to inventory on the balance sheet or on the income statement?
Is the fact that U.S. GAAP disallows the reversal and IFRS allows the reversal consistent with the objectives?
Scene 4
Currently, IFRS is more likely than U.S. GAAP to report assets at fair value (e g . property, plant and equipment can be revalued under IFRS but not U.S. GAAP)
Is the IFRS requirement that prior inventory write-downs be reversed a different way of saying that inventory should be reported at market value under IFRS?
Scene 5
While neither IASC, International Accounting Standard 2 nor FASB ASC 330 provides the reasoning for why the reversal of inventory write-downs is allowed or not allowed, the issues surrounding the reversal of write-downs for long-lived assets should be quite similar. Read the basis of conclusions under U.S. GAAP (FASB, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144, paragraph B53) and under IFRS (IASC, International Accounting Standard 36. paragraphs BCZ 182 through BCZ 186) that provide a discussion of the reasons the Boards made the decisions that they did.
What are the reasons that one might oppose reversals? What are the reasons that one might support reversals?
Scene 6
Do you believe that companies should be allowed/required to reverse prior inventory write-downs if the market value of the inventory increases in periods subsequent to the initial write-down?
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Intermediate Accounting (2nd Edition)
- 26) Which of the following is a similarity between GAAP and IFRS with respect to accounting for inventories? a)Both standards use a ceiling or a floor to determine lower-of-cost-or-market. b)Both standards allow for reversals of write downs. c) The use of more principles based guidelines exist under both IFRS and GAAP standards. d) Inventory acquisitions are accounted for at historical cost.arrow_forwardCarey Company adheres to U.S. GAAP, whereas Jonathan Company adheres to IFRS. Itis least likely that:A. Carey has reversed an inventory write-down.B. Jonathan has reversed an inventory write-down.C. Jonathan and Carey both use the FIFO inventory accounting method.arrow_forwardInventory Write-Down The following information is taken from Aden Companys records: Required: 1. What is the correct inventory value if the company applies the LCNRV rule to each of the following? a. individual items b. groups of items c. the inventory as a whole 2. Next Level Are there any conditions under which a company may ignore the decline in the value of inventory below its cost?arrow_forward
- LIFO and Inventory Pools On January 1, 2016, Grover Company changed its inventory cost flow method to the LIFO cost method from the FIFO cost method for its raw materials inventory. It made the change for both financial statement and income tax reporting purposes. Grover uses the multiple-pools approach under which it groups substantially identical raw materials into LIFO inventory pools. It uses weighted average costs in valuing annual incremental layers. The composition of the December 31, 2018, inventory for the Class F inventory pool is as follows: Inventory transactions for the Class F inventory pool during 2019 were as follows: On March 2, 2019, 4,800 units were purchased at a unit cost of 13.50 for 64,800. On September 1, 2019, 7,200 units were purchased at a unit cost of 14.00 for 100,800. A total of 15,000 units were used for production during 2019. The following transactions for the Class F inventory pool took place during 2020: On January 11, 2020, 7,500 units were purchased at a unit cost of 14.50 for 108,750. On May 14, 2020, 5,500 units were purchased at a unit cost of 15.50 for 85,250. On December 29, 2020, 7,000 units were purchased at a unit cost of 16.00 for 112,000. A total of 16,000 units were used for production during 2020. Required: 1. Prepare a schedule to compute the inventory (units and dollar amounts) of the Class F inventory pool at December 31, 2019. Show supporting computations in good form. 2. Prepare a schedule to compute the cost of Class F raw materials used in production for the year ended December 31, 2019. 3. Prepare a schedule to compute the inventory (units and dollar amounts) of the Class F inventory pool at December 31, 2020. Show supporting computations in good form.arrow_forwardInventory Write-Down The following information for Tuell Company is available: Required: 1. Assume Tuell uses the LIFO cost flow assumption. What is the correct inventory value in each of the preceding situations under U.S. GAAP? 2. Assume Tuell uses the average cost inventory cost flow assumption. What is the correct inventory value in each of the preceding situations under U.S. GAAP? 3. Assume that Tuell uses the average cost inventory cost flow assumption. What is the correct inventory value in each of the preceding situations if Tuell uses IFRS?arrow_forwardThe following are independent errors made by a company that uses the periodic inventory system: a. Goods in transit, purchased on credit and shipped FOB destination, 10,000, were included in purchases but not in the physical count of ending inventory. b. Purchase of a machine for 2,000 was expensed. The machine has a 4-year life, no residual value, and straight-line depreciation is used. c. Wages payable of 2,000 were not accrued. d. Payment of next years rent, 4,000, was recorded as rent expense. e. Allowance for doubtful accounts of 5,000 was not recorded. The company normally uses the aging method. f. Equipment with a book value of 70,000 and a fair value of 100,000 was sold at the beginning of the year. A 2-year, non-interest-bearing note for 129,960 was received and recorded at its face value, and a gain of 59,960 was recognized. No interest revenue was recorded and 14% is a fair rate of interest. Required: 1. Next Level Indicate the effect of each of the preceding errors on the companys assets, liabilities, shareholders equity, and net income in the year in which the error occurs. State whether the error causes an overstatement (+), an understatement (), or no effect (NE). 2. Prepare the correcting journal entry or entries required at the beginning of the year for each of the preceding errors, assuming the company discovers the error in the year after it was made. Ignore income taxes.arrow_forward
- Required: Answer the following independent questions and show all computations supporting your answers. a) Assume that the company uses the FIFO method. The value of the ending inventory atDecember 31 is $__________. b) Assume that the company uses the LIFO method. The value of the ending inventory onDecember 31 is $__________.c) Determine the difference in the amount of income that the company would have reported if ithad used the FIFO method instead of the LIFO method. Would income have been greater orless? Which method would provide more tax advantage? -Explain your rationale.arrow_forwardSunland Company developed the following information about its inventories in applying the lower of cost or market (LCM) basis in valuing inventories: Product Cost Market A $109000 $115000 B 77000 73000 C 154000 156000 If Sunland Company applies the LCM basis, the value of the inventory reported on the balance sheet would be a.) $336000. b.) $344000. c.) $340000. d.) $348000.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the use of the FIFO assumption is NOT true? a. The FIFO assumption assigns the more recent purchase costs to the balance sheet inventory asset account. b. The FIFO assumption is not affected by the inventory control method. c. In periods of rising prices it produces a higher profit than LIFO. d. The FIFO assumption produces inventory asset values that are based on older purchase costs.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the use of the FIFO assumption is NOT true? a.The FIFO assumption assigns the more recent purchase costs to the balance sheet inventory asset account. b.The FIFO assumption is not affected by the inventory control method. c.In periods of rising prices it produces a higher profit than LIFO. d.The FIFO assumption produces inventory asset values that are based on older purchase costs.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the valuation of the inventory is correct, according to PAS 2 Inventories? A. Inventory items are normally valued at the higher of cost and net realizable value. B. The cost of goods manufactured by an entity cannot include overhead costs. C. LIFO (last in, first out) may be used to value inventory in limited circumstances D. Selling price less estimated profit margin may be used to arrive at cost if this gives a reasonable approximation of actual cost.arrow_forward8- There are different basis approaches to valuing inventory that are allowed by GAAP, explaining the principal’s methods of valuation required by IAS2 inventors, provide some evidence from annual report of Philips.arrow_forward
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