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- Describe how the oxidation of hydrocarbons in the presence of NOx can increase the yield of ozone including reaction cycle diagrams showing the importance of radical chemistry. Discuss why it is important to understand the chemistry controlling radical loss, to know which emissions (NOx or hydrocarbons) to control.arrow_forwardA minor route for ozone destruction in the ozone hole involves Mechanism II with bromine as X' and chlorine as X (or vice-versa). The CIO and BrO free radical molecules produced in these processes then collide with each other and rearrange their atoms to eventually yield O, and atomic chlorine and bromine. Write out the mechanism for this process, and add up the steps to determine the overall reaction.arrow_forwardThe compound below is treated with chlorine in the presence of light. H₂C CH3 H₂C CH3 Draw the structure for the organic radical species produced by reaction of the compound with a chlorine atom. Assume reaction occurs at the weakest C-H bond. You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. Undoarrow_forward
- The overall reaction of hydroxide radical with hydrogen gas occurs as follows: OH'g) + H,(g) – H0(g) + H'(g) Part A This reaction plays a significant role in the chemistry of the earth's atmosphere by eventually converting OH to HO, through the subsequent reaction of H with O,. HO, is involved in the destruction of stratospheric ozone (J. Phys. Chem. A, 2006, 110, 6978). Determine the activation energy for the reaction of OH with H, reaction. The rate constants for the reaction of OH with H, were found to be 5.54x10 L mol s at 36. C and 1.09x10 L molrs at -27. °C. -20.9 kJ mol1 O 18.3 kJ mol1 O 25.1 kJ mol O -18.3 kJ mol O 25.1 kJ molarrow_forwardThe compound below is treated with chlorine in the presence of light. CH3 CH,CHCH3 Draw the structure for the organic radical species produced by reaction of the compound with a chlorine atom. Assume reaction occurs at the weakest C-H bond. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms.arrow_forwardThe overall reaction of hydroxide radical with hydrogen gas occurs as follows: Part A OH (g) + H2(g) → H20(g) + H’(g) This reaction plays a significant role in the chemistry of the earth's atmosphere by eventually converting OH to HO2 through the subsequent reaction of H with O2. HO2 is involved in the destruction of stratospheric ozone (J. Phys. Chem. A, 2006, 110, 6978). Determine the activation energy for the reaction of OH with H, reaction. -115 kJ mol-1 O -16.6 kJ mol-1 The rate constants for the reaction of OH with H2 were found to be 2.38×107 L mol-1 s-1 at 127. °C and 8.88×106 115 kJ mol-1 L mol-1 s-1 at 61. °C. O 95.9 kJ mol-1 O 16.6 kJ mol-1arrow_forward
- Alkyl halides can be reduced to alkanes by a radical reaction with tributyltin hydride, (C4H9)3SnH, in the presence of light (hv). Propose a radical chain mechanism by which the reaction might occur. The initiation step is the light-induced homolytic cleavage of the Sn-H bond to yield a tributyltin radical.arrow_forwardThe compound below is treated with chlorine in the presence of light. CH3 CH3CHCH,CH3 Draw the structure for the organic radical species produced by reaction of the compound with a chlorine atom. Assume reaction occurs at the weakest C-H bond. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms.arrow_forwardThe reaction below represents what phenomenon? H,O+hv → HO•+H formation of the hydroxyl radical in the relatively unpolluted troposphere the formation of hydroxyl radical at higher altitudes destruction of the hydroxyl radical at higher altitudes the strong reactivity of the hydroxyl radicalarrow_forward
- This reaction does not take place. All that happens under experimental conditions for the formation of radicals is initiation to form iodine radicals, I·, followed by termination to reform I2. How do you account for these observations?arrow_forwardDescribe the reaction to form the catalyst L-prolinamide. (reaction is added below) .arrow_forwardWrite the steps in the mechanism for the free radical bromination of methylcyclopentane. Show the initiation step, the two propagation steps, and at least one termination step.arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning