Concept explainers
To analyze:
The suppressed growth of Chlamydia in presence of high levels of certain amino acids.
Introduction:
Chlamydiaeare pathogenic bacteria that require host cells for their growth. They obtain nutrients and metabolites such as amino acids, lipids,
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Chapter 10 Solutions
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- Most antibacterial drugs disrupt or destroy prokaryotic cellular structures or processes that are different than those of eukaryotic cells or may not even be present in eukaryotic cells. List and describe at least three prokaryotic cellular features that could be targeted to inhibit or kill a bacterial pathogen without harming its eukaryotic host.arrow_forwardParatuberculosis is a contagious, chronic and sometimes fatal infection that primarily affects the small intestine of ruminants. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis. This kind of disease can exist undetected in herds for years. In order to detect the paratuberculosis among ruminants, thiol modified oligonucleotide having the sequence of 5’- GAT GAC ATC GCA GTC GAG CTG- 3’ was functionalized in the 15 nm gold nanoparticles. How many bonds (total bonds) will be formed upon hybridization with its complementary sequence? Answer Format: (Number only) *arrow_forwardParatuberculosis is a contagious, chronic and sometimes fatal infection that primarily affects the small intestine of ruminants. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis. This kind of disease can exist undetected in herds for years. In order to detect the paratuberculosis among ruminants, thiol modified oligonucleotide having the sequence of 5’- GAT GAC ATC GCA GTC GAG CTG- 3’ was functionalized in the 15 nm gold nanoparticles. What is the corresponding tRNA in the thiol modified oligonucleotides in 5’ → 3’? Answer Format: (Letter only, no spaces)arrow_forward
- Under cellular conditions, dATP can be oxidized to its 2-hydroxy form, which is a substrate for an enzyme that converts 2-OH-dATP to 2-OH-dAMP + PPi. Explain why compounds that inhibit the activity of this enzyme would be eff ective anticancer agents.arrow_forwardWhat role do glycocalyces play in the ability of bacteria to survive and cause disease? ( this answer should have at least 6 functions of a glycocalyx. Each function should describe the mechanism that allows the glycocalyx to help the bacteria survive and/or cause disease.)arrow_forwardclostridium botulinum is a bacterium usually present in soil that may cause botulism. Briefly explain why one or few cells of a pathogenic bacterium, such as clostridium botulism, by itself typically does not secrete a toxin, despite the species as a whole being characterized as toxin producing.arrow_forward
- The pathway shown below is used by a fungus to create Arginine from a precursor starter molecule. A nonsense mutation occurs in the gene that encodes enzyme 2. This fungus is grown on media that only contains the precursor. Discuss the effects of this mutation on:(i) The function of Enzyme 2 (ii) The potential of the fungus to produce Ornithinearrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following best describes amoxicillin? Select one: A. A natural product produced by Streptomyces spp. B. Suitable for use alone against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria C. Inhibits the transglycosylation step in peptidoglycan synthesis D. The presence of an amino group facilitates entry through water-filled porins within the outer membrane of E. coli E. Is classified as a carbapenemarrow_forwardWhen lactose is added to growing culture of E. coli, the cells begin to make enzymes necessary for lactose utilization. In contrast, when tryptophan is added to the culture medium, synthesis of the enzymes for tryptophan pathway ceases. Contrast the two systems explaining why they act in reverse directionsarrow_forward
- Sydney Brenner isolated Salmonella typhimurium mutants that were implicated in the biosynthesis of tryptophan and would not grow on minimal medium. When these bacterial mutants were tested on minimal medium to which one of four compounds (indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan) had been added, the growth responses shown in the following table were obtained. Mutant Minimal medium Anthranilic Indole glycerol acid Indole Tryptoph phosphate trp-1 trp-2 trp-3 trp-4 trp-6 trp-7 trp-8 trp-9 trp-10 trp-11 - Give the order of indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan in a biochemical pathway leading to the synthesis of tryptophan. Indicate which step in the pathway is affected by each of the mutations. + 1 + 1 IIarrow_forwardThe ribosome is the target for many important antibiotics. These drugs must discriminate between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes to achieve drug specificity and toxicity. For the two common antibiotics below, what is their mechanism of action and why are they more toxic to bacteria than eukaryotes? a) Tetracycline b) Erythromycinarrow_forwardFlasks A and B contain broth, and are inoculated with an identical number of bacteria that are facultative anaerobes. Flask A contains a triglyceride lipid as the sole nutrient source, and Flask B contains a monosaccharide called fructose as the sole nutrient source. Both flasks are incubated at 30°C with aeration (oxygen is added to the broth). Assume the bacteria are capable of catabolism of both fructose and triglycerides. Mark all the correct statements pertaining to these cultures. A. Under anaerobic conditions, cells in flask A will produce more ATP B. Cells from flask B will produce more carbon dioxide C. Cells from flask B will produce more ATP D. Flask A will have the greater cell mass E. Cells from flask A will produce more ATP F. Cells from flask A will produce more carbon dioxide G. Flask B will have the greater cell mass H. Under anaerobic conditions, cells in flask B will produce more ATParrow_forward
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- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
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