Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305104136
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Chapter 10, Problem 3E
Explain why we can be more confident about causal relationships between variables when a quasi-experimental design is used instead of a nonexperimental design.
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Compared to observational studies like cohort and case-control studies, experimental studies like RCTs are better at establishing causality.
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If the omitted variable is negatively correlated with the treatment and has a positive impact on the outcome, the true causal effect is bigger than the estimated effect.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 10.1 - Define, compare, and contrast the experimental,...Ch. 10.2 - Define a nonequivalent group design and identify...Ch. 10.2 - Explain how individual differences threaten the...Ch. 10.2 - Describe the two nonexperimental nonequivalent...Ch. 10.2 - Explain how a simple modification of the...Ch. 10.3 - Define a pre-post design and identify examples of...Ch. 10.3 - Identify the threats to internal validity for...Ch. 10.3 - Describe the nonexpenmental pretest-posttest...Ch. 10.3 - Explain how replacing the single observation...Ch. 10.4 - Define cross-sectional and longitudinal designs,...
Ch. 10.5 - Identify the statistical techniques that are...Ch. 10.5 - Explain how the terms quasi-independent variable...Ch. 10 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...Ch. 10 - Why are studies that examine the effects of aging...Ch. 10 - Explain why we can be more confident about causal...Ch. 10 - Give an example of a situation (aside from gender)...Ch. 10 - In this chapter, we described a study in which...Ch. 10 - Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) conducted a series...Ch. 10 - A researcher measures personality characteristics...Ch. 10 - A researcher wants to describe the effectiveness...Ch. 10 - Explain how the pretest helps minimize the threat...Ch. 10 - Describe the basic characteristics of a pre-post...Ch. 10 - To evaluate the effectiveness of a new television...Ch. 10 - Prob. 12ECh. 10 - A researcher wants to describe how fine motor...Ch. 10 - Identify the appropriate statistical test for each...Ch. 10 - The college offers all students an optional...Ch. 10 - All of us have a tendency to categorize people...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2EACh. 10 - Prob. 3EA
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- Suppose we are interested in studying the relationship between the shelf life of cheeses in a dairy factory and the thickness of the packaging material used for those cheeses. We would like to determine if there is a causal relationship between the thickness of the packaging material and the shelf life of the cheese; that is, does a change in the thickness of the packaging material cause a change in the shelf life of the cheese? Select the study that would be best source of evidence for establishing the existence of a causal relationship. a. A study which uses a stratified random sample, stratifying by type of cheese, to select units of cheese in the factory and determine the thickness of the packaging material and test the shelf life of each unit. b. A study which uses a cluster sample, clustering by room the cheese is stored in, to select units of cheese in the factory and determine the thickness of the packaging material and test the shelf life of each unit. c. A study in which a…arrow_forwarda. What are the 4 P’s of causal analysis ? b. When can causal analysis be used?arrow_forwardIf one explanatory Variable is correlated with the error term, is there any problem of heterosdasticity in the model?arrow_forward
- To demonstrate a causal relationship, the researchers must have appropriate time order and covariation between the variables, and they must have eliminated plausible alternative explanations. What is missing, if anything, in the following cause-and-effect assertions? Explain. A study looks at the promotion time for women and concludes that women face barriers to promotions. Proponents of free college education for all argue that teenage pregnancies and crime would be lower if everyone had the opportunity to go to college. An e-mail circulated stating that a study found that a majority of women who had breast cancer had used deodorant containing a specific chemical and argued that the government should ban that chemical.arrow_forwardA significant interaction was found between depression, social support and GPA. These results should be considered with caution and further research should be done to better understand the relationships between these variables. Furthermore, those working with college students should consider the overall well-being of the student, as it is possible that their academic performance may not be affected by anxiety and/or depression. IS THIS A TYPE 1 ERROR OR A TYPE 2 ERROR IN RESEARCH?arrow_forwardFind an interesting instance where two variables are strongly correlated, but share no causal link. Explain the situation, describe the variables, and explain why it doesn't make sense for the data to be correlated.arrow_forward
- What quantitative research design should be used in "Relationship between Academic Stressors and Learning Preferences ofSenior High School Students" and why?arrow_forwardA researcher conducts a cross-sectional analysis of workers and finds a positive correlation between the number of hours high schoolers spent practicing a musical instrument and their subsequent college performance. Explain how this relationship could be causal. The researcher advocates a policy of requiring all students to take band in order to improve future outcomes. What is a possible problem with this analysis?arrow_forwardIf the correlation between two quantitative variables becomes stronger and closer to 1, then we have stronger evidence that there is a causative relationship between the two variables. TRUE or FALSE?arrow_forward
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