Essentials of Economics (MindTap Course List)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781337091992
Author: N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 10, Problem 3PA
Greater consumption of alcohol leads to more motor vehicle accidents and, thus, imposes costs on people who do not drink and drive.
a. Illustrate the market for alcohol, labeling the
b. On your graph, shade the area corresponding to the
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Grater consumption of alcohol leads to more motor vehicle accidents and, thus, imposes costs on people who do not drink and drive.
a.) Illustrate the market for alcohol, labeling the demand curve, the social-value curve, the supply curve, the social-cost curve, the market equilibrium level of output, and the efficient level of output.
b.) On your graph, shade the area corresponding to the deadweight loss of the market equilibrium. (Hint: The deadweight loss occurs because some units of alcohol are consumed for which the social cost exceeds the social value.) Explain.
1. What is market failure? Explain in your own words. 2. Why do markets fail. List two reasons and explain them in your own words. 3. Explain what an external effect (also known as an externality) is in your own words. 4. List four examples of externalities 5. Explain what a social dilemma is and list one example of a current social dilemma.
Economics: Public Economics
Question: 1
Figure 3. On the graph, Q represents the quantity of foam and P represents the price of foam.
Refer to Figure 3. If the government imposed a corrective tax that successfully moved the market from the market equilibrium to the social optimum, then tax revenue for the government would amount to (do not use $ sign)
Guess: 10,000 (with margin: 0)
Question: 2
Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Corrective taxes are often preferred over direct regulation because they typically reduce externalities at a faster rate.
b. Corrective taxes are often preferred over direct regulation because they typically reduce externalities at a higher cost.
c. Corrective taxes are often preferred over direct regulation because they typically reduce externalities at a lower cost.
d. Corrective taxes distort economic incentives.
Question 3:
According to the Coase theorem, externalities can be internalized when transactions costs are zero through:…
Chapter 10 Solutions
Essentials of Economics (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1QQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 2QQCh. 10.3 - Prob. 3QQCh. 10 - Prob. 1CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 2CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 3CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 4CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 5CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 6CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 1QR
Ch. 10 - Prob. 2QRCh. 10 - Prob. 3QRCh. 10 - Prob. 4QRCh. 10 - Prob. 5QRCh. 10 - Prob. 6QRCh. 10 - Prob. 1PACh. 10 - Prob. 2PACh. 10 - Greater consumption of alcohol leads to more motor...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4PACh. 10 - The many identical residents of Whoville love...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6PACh. 10 - Prob. 7PACh. 10 - Prob. 8PACh. 10 - Prob. 9PA
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- 3. Use the graph to answer the question that follows.Assume that the market shown is perfectly competitive with no externalities. If the production output is 15,000 units, then A-the market is allocatively efficient B-there is a shortage of the good C-deadweight loss is being minimized D-deadweight loss is being maximized E- consumer and producer surplus are maximized 5.Use the graph to answer the question that follows. What is the market equilibrium quantity and price at which there is no government regulation? A-15, $17.50 B-20, $15 C-30, $25 D-35, $22.50 E- Indeterminatearrow_forwardSuppose there are two residents in a neighborhood, and you know both of their demand curves for a public good. What would you have to do in order to figure out what the social demand curve? A.Multiply the two demand curves together B.Add their demand curves together C.Subtract the demand of the person with the lower valuation of the public good from the demand of the person with the higher valuation of the public good D.Subtract the demand of the person with the higher valuation of the public good from the demand of the person with the lower valuation of the public goodarrow_forwardSome economists think that gas taxes in Europe, averaging around $2.50 per gallon, are too high from the perspective of economic efficiency. Suppose that this is true, and that social welfare could be increased with slightly lower gas taxes. Present a welfare analysis graph of the gasoline market in Europe with a gas tax that is too high. Identify five areas in your graph: 1. Consumer surplus 2. Producer surplus 3. Externality damage 4. Tax revenues 5. The potential welfare gain if taxes were lowered to the "correct" level.arrow_forward
- Define a public good. Give an example of a public good using your definition. Explain how to construct the market demand curve for a public good.arrow_forwardHow is an efficient level of production of a public good determined? What level of the good would be provided without government involvement? Describe the marginal cost of production for an artificially scarce good and show it graphically. Use the diagram of the market for an artificially scarce good to identify the welfare-maximizing price and quantity exchanged, and the consumer and producer surplus in the market. Compare the market price, quantity, and consumer and producer surplus to the efficient outcome.arrow_forwardUse the following Graphical to answer questions. a. Refer to the above diagram in which S is the market supply curve and S1 is a supply curve comprising all costs of production, including external costs. Assume that the number of people affected by these external costs is large. Without government interference, what will this market result in? b. Refer to the above diagram in which S is the market supply curve and S1 is a supply curve comprising all costs of production, including external costs. Assume that the number of people affected by these external costs is large. If the government wishes to establish an optimal allocation of resources in this market, what should it? a. Description Where there is asymmetric information between buyers and sellers! b. In which buyers will opt out of markets? arrow_forward
- (a) Draw a correctly labeled graph of the soybean market, and show each of the following. (i) The marginal private cost, labeled MPC (ii) The marginal social cost, labeled MSC (iii) The marginal social benefit, labeled MSB (iv) The market equilibrium quantity, labeled QC (v) The socially optimal quantity, labeled QS (vi) The area of the deadweight loss, shaded completely (b) Assume the government sets a binding price floor such that the quantity demanded in the market is between QS and QC. (i) What will happen to the quantity produced? (ii) Will the price floor reduce the deadweight loss? Explain. (c) Assume instead of a price floor, the government decides to impose a lump-sum tax. What will happen to the socially optimal quantity? Explain. (d) Assume instead of a lump-sum tax, the government decides to impose a per-unit tax equal to the marginal external cost. (i) On your graph in part (a), indicate the new market equilibrium quantity, labeled QN. (ii) What will happen to the…arrow_forwardConsider the market illustrated in the figure to the right. Supply curve Upper S 1 represents the private cost of production and demand curve Upper D 1 represents the private benefit from consumption. Suppose production of this good creates a negative externality... Show how the externality affects the market. 1.) Use the line drawing tool to draw either a new supply (Upper S 2) or demand (Upper D 2) curve incorporating the negative externality in production . Properly label this line. 2.) Use the point drawing tool to indicate the market equilibrium price and quantity. Label this point 'Market equilibrium'. 3.) Use the point drawing tool to indicate the efficient equilibrium price and quantity. Label this point 'Efficient equilibrium'. Carefully follow the instructions above, and only draw the required objects.arrow_forwardWrite 2 paragraphs or more, on each of the Economic/social issues below. You should apply your knowledge and understanding of Market Externalities, spillover-costs, Spillover-benefits, public goods discussed in class. First describe the issue, secondly why do you believe it to be a market externality. Discuss the role the Federal, or state government has taken on to address these issues. Choose 1 from column (A), and 1 from column (B). You will be graded on the structure of your paragraphs, how clearly you apply the theory of Market externalities. Column A Column B Gun violence in America Healthy lifestylesarrow_forward
- 1. A. State the condition for the Pareto optimal provision of a public good. Interpret the condition. B. Consider agent A with (inverse) demand curve for the public good and agent B with inverse demand , where prices are measured in £ per unit. The marginal cost of producing the public good is £10 per unit. What is the Pareto efficient level of the public good? Explain. Illustrate in a graph. [Hint: Compute the marginal social benefit of the public good by adding up the demand curves vertically, over the p’s]arrow_forward1. a) State the condition for the Pareto optimal provision of a public good. Interpret the condition. b) Consider agent A with (inverse) demand curve for the public good and agent B with inverse demand , where prices are measured in £ per unit. The marginal cost of producing the public good is £10 per unit. What is the Pareto efficient level of the public good? Explain. Illustrate in a graph. [Hint: Compute the marginal social benefit of the public good by adding up the demand curves vertically, over the p’s] c) Describe the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) Mechanism, provide examples and discuss problems with the VCG mechanism.arrow_forward
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