Essentials of Economics (MindTap Course List)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781337091992
Author: N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 10, Problem 9PA
Subpart (a):
To determine
Total cost.
Subpart (b):
To determine
Total cost.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
There are three identical firms in Happy Valley.
Firms
Initial Pollution Level
Cost of Reducing Pollution by 1 unit
A
30 units
$20
B
40 units
$30
C
20 units
$10
The government wants to reduce total pollution to 60 units, so it gives each firm 20 tradable permits.
Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so? What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation?
How much larger would the cost of pollution reduction be if the permits could not be traded?
There are three industrial firms in Kitona. The Government wants to reduce pollution to 120 units, so it gives each firm 40 tradable pollution permits.
Firm
Initial Pollution Level
Cost reducing pollution by 1 unit
A
70 Units
$20
B
80 Units
$25
C
50 Units
$10
Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation?
There are three industrial firms in Kitona. The Government wants to reduce pollution to 120 units, so it gives each firm 40 tradable pollution permits.
Firm
Initial Pollution Level
Cost reducing pollution by 1 unit
A
70 Units
$20
B
80 Units
$25
C
50 Units
$10
Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation?
How much higher would the cost of pollution reduction be if the permits could not be traded?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Essentials of Economics (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1QQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 2QQCh. 10.3 - Prob. 3QQCh. 10 - Prob. 1CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 2CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 3CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 4CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 5CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 6CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 1QR
Ch. 10 - Prob. 2QRCh. 10 - Prob. 3QRCh. 10 - Prob. 4QRCh. 10 - Prob. 5QRCh. 10 - Prob. 6QRCh. 10 - Prob. 1PACh. 10 - Prob. 2PACh. 10 - Greater consumption of alcohol leads to more motor...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4PACh. 10 - The many identical residents of Whoville love...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6PACh. 10 - Prob. 7PACh. 10 - Prob. 8PACh. 10 - Prob. 9PA
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Economists Kenneth Chay and Michael Greenstone found that in the two years following the passage of the Clean Air Act of 1970, the sharp reduction in air pollution also led to a decline in infant deaths. Although this and other studies provide compelling evidence of the link between pollution and infant health, it is not clear that reductions from the much lower levels of ambient pollution today would have the same effect. Which of the following reasons could explain this? A. Today, the level of pollution is much higher. Therefore, it will take a much larger reduction in air pollution to reap benefits similar to those in 1970. B. When levels of pollution are high, the marginal benefit of reducing pollution also is high. It follows therefore that the benefit of reducing air pollution in 1970 would be much higher than the benefit from a proportional reduction in air pollution today when the level of pollution is much lower. C. When levels of pollution are…arrow_forwardThere are three industrial firms in Happy Valley.The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units, so it gives each firm 20 tradablepollution permits.a. Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many dothey buy? Briefly explain why the sellers arid buyers are each willing to do so. What isthe total cost of pollution reduction in this situation?b. How much higher would the costs of pollution reduction be if the permits could notbe tradedarrow_forwardThere are three industrial firms in Happy Valley.FirmInitial PollutionLevelCost of ReducingPollution by 1 UnitA 30 units $20B 40 units $30C 20 units $10The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units,so it gives each firm 20 tradable pollution permits.a. Who sells permits and how many do they sell?Who buys permits and how many do they buy?Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are eachwilling to do so. What is the total cost of pollutionreduction in this situation?b. How much higher would the costs of pollutionreduction be if the permits could not be traded?arrow_forward
- Use a graph to illustrate the quantity of pollution that would be emitted (a) after a corrective tax has been imposed and (b) after tradable pollution permits have been imposed. Could these two quantities ever be equivalent?arrow_forwardIt’s common to think that reducing pollution is necessarily costly because to reduce pollution we need to tax firms who will then produce less. But can you think of one example in which pollution might not only be unpleasant but might actually reduce production?arrow_forwardComplete the following Exercises. Use complete sentences. Consider two firms who each release 10 units of pollution initially, for a total of 20 units. Their supply curves for abatement are given below. These supply curves measure the marginal cost of abatement, or the cost of cleaning up each unit of pollution. For example, it costs firm 1 $40 to clean up (or abate) the 1st unit, $80 to clean up the 2nd unit, and so forth. Supply of Abatement UnitFirm 1Firm 2 1$ 40$ 36 2$80$56 3$120$76 4$160$96 5$200$116 6$240$136 7$280$156 8$320$176 9$360$196 10$400 $216 A.) Assume that the damages from the pollution are an external cost from the standpoint of the two firms. How many units will each abate? Why?Why are their marginal costs of abatement (supply curves) rising as they eliminate more pollution (i.e., as they get closer to zero units of pollution)? Now assume the Environmental Protection Agency has determined that the desired…arrow_forward
- What is an externality in economics? Explain how a neighbor’s barking dog could be both a positive and a negative externality. Can pollution ever make us better off? How do we know? Should we aim to eliminate all pollution? If not, what should our goal be? Defend your answer. When thinking about types of goods, what does rivalry mean? What does excludability mean? What are the four categories of goods we can identify using those attributes, and what is an example of a good in each category?arrow_forwardThe following graph shows the marketfor pollution rights.a. If there are no restrictions on pollution, what amount is discharged?b. What is the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded if the government restricts the amount of discharge to Q* but gives the permits away? c. Where is market equilibrium if the government sells the permits? Illustrate this on the graph.d. What happens to market equilibrium if the gvernment reduces the amount of discharge permitted to Q**? Illustrate this on the graph.arrow_forwardThe Coase Theorem says that if people negotiate the right perform activities that cause externalities, they can always arrive at efficient solutions to problems caused by externalities. Use an example to explain why the people that are harmed are willing to pay to stop pollution.arrow_forward
- From the book: Omnivore's Dilemma, chapters 9-12 for a discussion board A) In an economic transaction between a producer and a consumer, an externalized cost or (negative) externality is a cost to someone who is not involved in the transaction. For example, the consumer doesn't pay for it, and the producer doesn't pay for it. Joel Salatin alludes to this concept when he talks about food that is not “honest.” List three externalized costs associated with food production (and consumption), and try to identify the third part(ies) likely to pay for each. Which cost on your list concerns you the most?arrow_forwardThe following graph (see link below) represents the market for high-emission cars. Answer the following questions assuming that the externality is not internalised. - What is the price-quantity combination determined by the market? - What is the private benefit of the last unit traded in the market? - What is the private cost of the last unit traded in the market? - What is the social value of the last unit traded on the market? - What is the social cost of the last unit traded on the market? - Which quantity is socially optimal (what is the effecient quantity)? - What is the deadweight loss generated by the externality?arrow_forward7. (Market for Pollution Rights) The graph in page 302 shows the market for pollution rights. a. If there are no restrictions on pollution, what amount isdischarged? b. What is the quantity supplied and the quantitydemanded if the government restricts the amount ofdischarge to Q* but gives the permits away? c. Where is market equilibrium if the government sells thepermits at the market-clearing price? Illustrate this on the graph.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Essentials of Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781337091992Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of MicroeconomicsEconomicsISBN:9781305156050Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage Learning
Essentials of Economics (MindTap Course List)
Economics
ISBN:9781337091992
Author:N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Microeconomics
Economics
ISBN:9781305156050
Author:N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher:Cengage Learning