Microeconomics: Principles, Problems, & Policies (McGraw-Hill Series in Economics)
20th Edition
ISBN: 9780077660819
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 10, Problem 4RQ
To determine
Relevance of perfect competition .
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Suppose that the pen-making industry is perfectly competitive. Also suppose that each current firm and any potential firms that might enter the industry all have identical cost curves, with minimum ATC = $1.25 per pen. If the market equilibrium price of pens is currently $1.50, what would you expect it to be in the long run? LO11.2 a. $0.25. b. $1.00. c. $1.25. d. $1.50.
Suppose that the paper clip industry is perfectly competitive. Also assume that the market price for paper clips is 2 cents per paper clip. The demand curve faced by each firm in the industry is: LO10.3 a. A horizontal line at 2 cents per paper clip. b. A vertical line at 2 cents per paper clip. c. The same as the market demand curve for paper clips. d. Always higher than the firm’s MC curve.
A9
The characteristics of a "perfectly competitive" market require that there is 1) a large number of firms, 2) producing products that are identical across firms, 3) in an industry where there are no barriers to entry. It's unlikely that any industry accurately reflects these extreme assumptions, but what industries can you think of that do display these characteristics at least to some extent? Try to identify the limits of your example in reflecting "perfect" competition.
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Microeconomics: Principles, Problems, & Policies (McGraw-Hill Series in Economics)
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- Suppose you are a perfectly competitive firm producing computer memory chips. Your production capacityis 1000 units per year. Your marginal cost is $10 per chip up to capacity. You have a fixed cost of $10,000 ifproduction is positive and $0 if you shut down. What are your profit-maximizing levels of production andprofit if the market price is ( a ) $5 per chip, ( b ) $15 per chip, and ( c ) $25 per chip? For case ( b ), explainwhy production is positive even though profits are negative?arrow_forwardAssume the vitamin industry is perfectly competitive. When a new medical study shows that taking vitamins does not effect the quality and length of life as much as previously believed, demand for vitamins decreases. What would happen to vitamin producers’ profits in the short run and the long run? Profits will [increase, decrease, stay the same] in SR. In LR, some ["existing, new] firms will [enter, exit] , driving [up, down] the price until profits are [positive, negative, back to zero] .arrow_forwardSuppose that each firm in a competitive industry has the following costs: Total cost: TC = 50 + q2 Marginal cost: MC = q where q is an individual firms quantity produced. The market demand curve for this product is Demand:QD = 120 P where P is the price and Q is the total quantity of the good. Currently, there are 9 firms in the market. a. What is each firms fixed cost? What is its variable cost? Give the equation for average total cost. b. Graph average-total-cost curve and the marginal-cost curve for q from 5 to 15. At what quantity is average-total-cost curve at its minimum? What is marginal cost and average total cost at that quantity? c Give the equation for each firms supply curve. d. Give the equation for the market supply curve for the short run in which the number of firms is fixed. e. What is the equilibrium price and quantity for this market in the short run? f. In this equilibrium, how much does each firm produce? Calculate each firms profit or loss. Is there incentive for firms to enter or exit? g. In the long run with free entry and exit, what is the equilibrium price and quantity in this market? h. In this long-run equilibrium, how much does each firm produce? How many firms are in the market?arrow_forward
- (1) Consider the following cost schedule for a firm. Quantity Marginal Cost Average Total Cost Average Variable Cost 10 $12 $32 $24 15 $14 $30 $20 20 $16 $28 $16 25 $26 $26 $20 30 $30 $28 $24 35 $40 $32 $30 What is the economic profit or loss for a perfectly competitive firm if the market price is $26? A-0. B- $20. C- negative $20. D-$150. E-negative $150 (2) At what price level would a firm's short-run supply curve begin? A-The price at the minimum of the average variable cost curve B-The price at the profit-maximizing point of production C-The price at the intersection of the average total cost curve and the marginal cost curve D-The price at which demand changes from its elastic to inelastic range E-The price at which marginal cost equals marginal revenuearrow_forwardA purely competitive firm finds that the market price for its product is $20. It has a fixed cost of $100 and a variable cost of $10 per unit for the first 50 units and then $25 per unit for all successive units. Does price exceed average variable cost for the first 50 units? What about for the first 100 units? What is the marginal cost per unit for the first 50 units? What about for units 51 and higher? For each of the first 50 units, does MR exceed MC? What about for units 51 and higher? What output level will yield the largest possible profit for this purely competitive firm?arrow_forwardGiven the following profit-loss schedule in the short run, how many units should a firm produce? Quantity Marginal Revenue Total Cost Marginal Cost Average Total Cost 0 2 15 - - 1 2 19.75 4.75 19.75 2 2 23.5 3.75 11.75 3 2 26.5 3 8.83 4 2 29 2.5 7.25 5 2 31 2 6.20 6 2 32.5 1.5 5.42 7 2 33.75 1.25 4.82 8 2 35.25 1.5 4.41 9 2 37.25 2 4.14 10 2 40 2.75 4.00 11 2 43.25 3.25 3.93arrow_forward
- true/false 1- if a perfectly competitive firm shuts down in the short run, its variable cost equals zero. 2- if a perfectly competitive firm shuts dowm in the short run, its total cost equals zero.arrow_forwardAssume that a firm in a perfectly competitive industry has the following total cost schedule:OUTPUT (UNITS) TOTAL COST ($) 10 110 15 150 20 180 25 225 30 300 35 385 40 480a. Calculate a marginal cost and an average cost schedule for the firm. b. If the prevailing market price is $17 per unit, how many units will be produced and sold? What are profits per unit? What are total profits? c. Is the industry in long-run equilibrium at this price?arrow_forwardQuantity Price Total Fixed Costs Variale Cost Total Costs Average Variable Costs Average Total Cost Marginal Cost Total Revenue Marginal Revenue 0 35 25 0 1 35 25 20 2 35 25 25 3 35 25 35 4 35 25 52 5 35 25 80 If this firm produces a quantity of zero units, what is the total profits? What is the firm's marginal cost at a production level of two units? What is the average variable cost at a production level of five units? This firm becomes profitable producing at a quantity of ___ units. The average total cost is smallest at which level of production? At what quantity should this firm produce to maximize their profits based on your calculations? The total costs to produce four units is __________ while the average total cost to produce four units is _________.arrow_forward
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