Concept explainers
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Organic Chemistry - Standalone book
- Methanol can be made by partial oxidation of methane using O2 in the presence of a catalyst: 2 CH4(g) + O2(g) 2 CH3OH() Use bond dissociation enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction. Compare the value obtained to the value calculated using standard enthalpies of formation.arrow_forwardIodine forms a series of fluorides (listed here). Write Lewis structures for each of the four compounds and determine the formal charge of the iodine atom in each molecule: (a) IF (b) IF3 (c) IF5 (d) IF7arrow_forwardConsidering both formal charge and bond polarities, predict on which atom or atoms the positive charge resides in the following cations: (a) H3O+ (b) NH4+ (c) NO2+ (d) NF4+arrow_forward
- Determine the enthalpy for the ammonia formation reaction from the following bond energy data: E (H-H) = 436kJ / mol, E (N-H) = 389kJ / mol, E (N triple bond N) = 946kJ / molarrow_forwardDetermine the TOTAL energy to remove two electrons from 2 Br- AND form the single bond to make Br2 as described by the net reaction is 2 Br-(g) → Br2(g) + 2 e-.arrow_forwardfind the methanol combustion enthalpy using bond energy 2CH3OH + 3O2 -> 2CO2 + 4H2Oarrow_forward
- Use bond energies to calculate the heat of reaction: CO2+2NH3=H3N2CO+H2O Enter your answer in the provided box.Use bond energies to calculate the heat of reaction:h5sil9492 Bond Enthalpy kJmolC―N 305C―O 358C═O 745C═O (in CO2) 799O―H 467N―H 391arrow_forwardCompound EX4 reacts with Y2 giving two products: EX3Y and XY. Calculate the E-X bond enthalpy if the reaction liberates 243.6 kJ/mol and other bond enthalpies are: Y-Y 109 kJ/mol, X-Y 123.1 kJ/mol and E-Y 290 kJ/mol. A. 234.7 kJ/mol B. 20.6 kJ/mol C. 547.7 kJ/mol D.176.9 kJ/mol E. 60.5 kJ/molarrow_forwardCalculate the enthalpy change for the following reactions using the bond enthalpy given below. (Bond enthalpy/kJ : H−H = 436, C−H = 413, C=O = 799, O=O = 495, O−H = 463) (a) H2(g) + 1⁄2O2(g) → H2O(g) (b) CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)arrow_forward
- Which of the following compounds have a resonance structure? A. PO4^3- B. H2CO C. CO2 D.XeF4 E. None of the abovearrow_forwardThe curved arrow notation introduced in Section 1.6B is a powerful method used by organic chemists to show the movement of electrons not only in resonance structures, but also in chemical reactions.Because each curved arrow shows the movement of two electrons, following the curved arrows illustrates what bonds are broken and formed in a reaction. Consider the following three-step process. (a) Add curved arrows in Step [1] to show the movement of electrons. (b) Use the curved arrows drawn in Step [2] to identify the structure of X. X is converted in Step [3] to phenol and HCl.arrow_forwardUsing bond energies and the energy change of the reaction, calculate the bond energy of the CS double bond. Do not round your answer. CS2 is carbon disulfide CS2 + 4H2 → CH4 + 2H2S . Bond energy H-H: 432 Kj C-H: 411 Kj S-H: 363 Kj Reaction energy: -218arrow_forward
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