Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337672023
Author: GRAVETTER
Publisher: Cengage
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Chapter 10.2, Problem 5LO
Explain how a simple modification of the posttest-only nonequivalent control group design increases internal validity and produces a quasi-experimental design.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 10.1 - Define, compare, and contrast the experimental,...Ch. 10.2 - Define a nonequivalent group design and identify...Ch. 10.2 - Explain how individual differences threaten the...Ch. 10.2 - Describe the two nonexperimental nonequivalent...Ch. 10.2 - Explain how a simple modification of the...Ch. 10.3 - Define a pre-post design and identify examples of...Ch. 10.3 - Identify the threats to internal validity for...Ch. 10.3 - Describe the nonexpenmental pretest-posttest...Ch. 10.3 - Explain how replacing the single observation...Ch. 10.4 - Define cross-sectional and longitudinal designs,...
Ch. 10.5 - Identify the statistical techniques that are...Ch. 10.5 - Explain how the terms quasi-independent variable...Ch. 10 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...Ch. 10 - Explain the distinction between experimental and...Ch. 10 - Why are studies that examine the effects of aging...Ch. 10 - Explain why we can be more confident about causal...Ch. 10 - Give an example of a situation (aside from gender)...Ch. 10 - Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) conducted a series...Ch. 10 - A researcher measures personality characteristics...Ch. 10 - A researcher wants to describe the effectiveness...Ch. 10 - Explain how the pretest helps minimize the threat...Ch. 10 - Describe the basic characteristics of a pre-post...Ch. 10 - To evaluate the effectiveness of a new television...Ch. 10 - What characteristic differentiates a pretest-post...Ch. 10 - Explain how a time-series design minimizes most...Ch. 10 - A researcher wants to describe how fine motor...Ch. 10 - Although the cohort effect can be a serious...Ch. 10 - Identify the appropriate statistical test for each...Ch. 10 - The college offers all students an optional...
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- What is an experiment?arrow_forwardExplain the difference between a no-treatment control group and a placebo control group. Why are studies that compare a treatment condition to a placebo control group often associated with higher internal validity compared to studies with a no-treatment control?arrow_forwardDefine Omitted Variable Bias? Explain Solutions to omitted variable bias when the variable is observed or there are adequate control variables?arrow_forward
- An immunologist is testing the hypothesis that the current flu vaccine is less than 71% effective against the flu virus. The immunologist is using a 10% significance level and thesehypotheses: H0: p=0.71 and Ha: p<0.71. Explain what the 10% significance level means in context.arrow_forwardA clinical psychologist wanted to examine the relative effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral therapy (BT) for depression. A sample of 20 depression patients were randomly selected and assigned to either of the two therapy methods. The data below presents the effectiveness rated by independent judges. Test whether one method is better than the other at .05 significance level (non-directional) by answering the following questions? CBT: 4, 8, 5, 7, 6, 9, 8, 6, 7, 8 BT: 3, 5, 4, 8, 6, 2, 4, 6, 5, 7 Please use the seven step hypothesisarrow_forwardA clinical psychologist wanted to examine the relative effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavioral therapy (BT) for depression. A sample of 20 depression patients were randomly selected and assigned to either of the two therapy methods. The data below presents the effectiveness rated by independent judges. Test whether one method is better than the other at .05 significance level (non-directional) by answering the following questions? CBT: 4, 8, 5, 7, 6, 9, 8, 6, 7, 8 BT: 3, 5, 4, 8, 6, 2, 4, 6, 5, 7 1) Present the hypotheses 2) Other than assumptions about sampling and normal distribution, what other assumptions are made for this test? 3) What are the df and the critical value for this test? 4) Provide Sum of squares (SS). Then, using the SS, compute the variance for the CBT. You MUST show the process of how you got the variance from SS (if you do NOT show a valid process, no credit is assigned) 5) Provide Sum of squares (SS). Then, using the SS, compute the…arrow_forward
- Why should we perform an ANOVA rather than multiple t-tests when we have three or more levels of our factor?arrow_forwardA researcher wanted to examine whether type of dog food (freeze dried meat vs generic brand kibble) would affect dogs’ attention span. The researcher hypothesized that dogs who ate freeze dried meat would have longer attention spans than those who ate generic brand kibble. The researcher used a single sample of 13 subjects, that took part in both treatment conditions. What is the appropriate statistical test to use? single-sample t-test related-samples t-test independent-samples t-test z-test for sample meanarrow_forwardSixty percent of the Americans are found to believe that business profits are distributed unfairly. A survey of 40 people in Hartford indicate that 28 people believe in unfair distribution of the business profits. Is the Hartford survey indicating the percentage of believing in unfair distribution higher than the national average at a significance level of 0.05? What is the P-value for the Hartford survey? What is the minimum value of fraction believing in unfair distribution at a significance level of 0.05?arrow_forward
- Explain why some studies include both a control group and a placebo treatment. What additional comparisons are possible if both a control group a placebo group are included?arrow_forwardExplain In what sense does a two-factor ANOVA use observations more efficiently than one- factor ANOVA does?arrow_forwardA researcher wanted to examine whether type of dog food (freeze dried meat vs generic brand kibble) would affect dogs’ attention span. The researcher hypothesized that dogs who ate freeze dried meat would have longer attention spans than those who ate generic brand kibble. The researcher used a single sample of 13 subjects, that took part in both treatment conditions. Should the researcher use a one-tailed or two-tailed test? one-tailed two-tailedarrow_forward
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