Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780073398174
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 10.9, Problem 4P
A steady-flow Carnot cycle uses water as the working fluid. Water changes from saturated liquid to saturated vapor as heat is transferred to it from a source at 250°C. Heat rejection takes place at a pressure of 20 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram relative to the saturation lines, and determine (a) the thermal efficiency, (b) the amount of heat rejected, and (c) the net work output.
10–4 Repeat Prob. 10–3 for a heat rejection pressure of 10 kPa.
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The working fluid of a liquid-vapor cycle is 1kg of R-134a. The cycle operates between two pressures 100kPa
and 1200kPa.
• Process A-B: An isobaric compression at the high pressure to a saturated liquid.
• Process B-C: An iso-entropic process from the high pressure to the low pressure.
• Process C-D: An isobaric expansion at the low pressure to a saturated vapor.
• Process D-A: An iso-entropic process from the low pressure to the high pressure.
a) Make a table of the temperature, pressure, volume, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy and quality factor (T,
P, V, U, H, S & x) at the start of each process.
b) Make a table of the change in internal energy, heat flow, work done, change in enthalpy, and change in
entropy (AU, Q, W, AH, AS) during each leg of the cycle.
c) Draw well-labelled P-V & T-S diagrams (indicating lines of constant pressure, the saturation dome, heat flow,
work, etc.)
d) Calculate the coefficient of performance of the cycle (Q₁ / W).
T
B
A
D
Consider the cycle in the diagram (very similar to the Rankine Cycle) using water as the working fluid.
Process A-B: A saturated mixture of water is pumped from low pressure to a high pressure saturated liquid in an iso-
entropic (and adiabatic) process.
Process B-C: The high pressure saturated liquid enters a boiler where it is heated at constant pressure process by an
external heat source to a super-heated vapor.
Process C-D: The super-heated vapor goes through a turbine, generating power exiting as a saturated vapor.
Assume an iso-entropic (and adiabatic) process and neglect kinetic energy and potential energy changes.
Process D-A: The saturated vapor then enters a condenser where it is condensed at a constant pressure process
back to its original state.
The boiler operates at 8 MPa (points B & C) and the condenser operates at 200 kPa (points A & D). Assume a mass flow
rate of 1 kg/s.
Make a table of the temperature, pressure, volume, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy and…
T
B
A
D
Consider the cycle in the diagram (very similar to the Rankine Cycle) using water as the working fluid.
Process A-B: A saturated mixture of water is pumped from low pressure to a high pressure
saturated liquid in an iso-entropic (and adiabatic) process.
Process B-C: The high pressure saturated liquid enters a boiler where it is heated at constant
pressure process by an external heat source to a super-heated vapor.
Process C-D: The super-heated vapor goes through a turbine, generating power exiting as a
saturated vapor. Assume an iso-entropic (and adiabatic) process and neglect kinetic energy and
potential energy changes.
Process D-A: The saturated vapor then enters a condenser where it is condensed at a constant
pressure process back to its original state.
The boiler operates at 10 MPa (points B & C) and the condenser operates at 100 kPa (points A & D).
Assume a mass flow rate of 1 kg/s.
a) Make a table of the temperature, pressure, volume, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy…
Chapter 10 Solutions
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
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